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USD 80 /hr
Hire Dr. Harry T.
United Kingdom
USD 80 /hr

PhD social statistician with 18 years’ experience in data analysis, research and survey statistics.

Profile Summary
Subject Matter Expertise
Services
Writing Technical Writing
Research User Research, Meta-Research, Fact Checking, Scientific and Technical Research, Systematic Literature Review, Secondary Data Collection
Consulting Business Strategy Consulting, Operations Consulting, Scientific and Technical Consulting, Financial Consulting
Data & AI Predictive Modeling, Statistical Analysis, Image Processing, Algorithm Design-Non ML, Algorithm Design-ML, Data Visualization, Big Data Analytics, Text Mining & Analytics, Data Mining, Data Cleaning, Data Processing, Data Insights
Work Experience

Research Fellow

University of St Andrews

October 2024 - Present

Honorary Research Fellow

University of Manchester

October 2024 - Present

Researcher

Lumivo

March 2023 - Present

Research Assistant / Research Associate

University of Manchester

June 2018 - October 2024

King's College London

- June 2024

Postdoctoral Research Associate in Ethnicity and Mortality

King's College London

November 2022 - June 2024

Research Associate

Centre on Dynamics of Ethnicity

October 2020 - November 2022

Data analyst and research annotator

Alan Turing Institute

January 2020 - September 2021

Research Consultant

Runnymede Trust

November 2018 - February 2020

Data Analyst (Consultant)

DU360

September 2013 - February 2019

Consultant / Consultant analyst

LCP Consulting

May 2011 - June 2013

Education

Social Statistics

University of Manchester

September 2017 - July 2022

Social Research Methods and Statistics

University of Manchester

September 2016 - August 2017

Certifications
  • Certification details not provided.
Publications
REPORT
Making racially inclusive data @book{691d8e6e0d644edfbef0f61135f7c03a, title = "Making racially inclusive data: Lessons from the Evidence for Equality National Survey – a Summary", abstract = "This is a summary of the findings of the Inclusive Survey Futures project. The project provided insights on how to produce large-scale social data that are racially inclusive. In particular, the project was concerned with how to improve the representation and robustness of social surveys that are collected via non-probability approaches. The findings and recommendations come from an interrogation of the approach of the Evidence for Equality National Survey (EVENS). EVENS was innovative in prioritising recruitment of ethnic and religious minority people and survey content designed to document the experiences of racially minoritised populations. EVENS was undertaken by the Centre on the Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE) in partnership with Voluntary, Community and Social Enterprise organisations working in race equality. EVENS provides a unique dataset detailing the experiences of over 14,000 people. Non-traditional approaches to large scale social data – such as EVENS – are set to become more commonplace. By reflecting on EVENS we can respond to the question: how do we ensure a future social data landscape that doesn{\textquoteright}t have an {\textquoteleft}ethnicity data gap{\textquoteright}? The findings and recommendations of this project are of interest to social data funders, data producers, data users, researchers in academic and non-academic sectors, advocates for equality and evidenced based policy and practice, and those concerned with ensuring that no members of our communities are statistically invisible.", author = "Nissa Finney and Laia Becares and Magda Borkowska and J Hale and Dharmi Kapadia and Natalie Shlomo and D. Horn and Harry Taylor and G Dulout", year = "2026", month = apr, language = "English", publisher = "University of St Andrews", address = "United Kingdom", } .
The impact of racial discrimination on mental health @book{50539594fe664a8da8847c8c5ac85eec, title = "The impact of racial discrimination on mental health: Evidence for Equality National Survey (EVENS)", author = "Patricia Irizar and Dharmi Kapadia and Harry Taylor and Gertrude Wafula and Albert Kwansa and Charles Kwaku-Odoi and Laia Becares and Katikireddi, \{Srinivasa Vittal\}", year = "2025", month = may, language = "English", publisher = "Centre on the Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE)", address = "United Kingdom", } .
ETHNIC INEQUALITIES IN MORTALITY IN ENGLAND AND WALES: EXAMINING LIFE EXPECTANCY DATA AND METHODS @book{ec1b69beab494a4ca09dbad6f3816675, title = "ETHNIC INEQUALITIES IN MORTALITY IN ENGLAND AND WALES: EXAMINING LIFE EXPECTANCY DATA AND METHODS", author = "Harry Taylor and Laia Becares and Dharmi Kapardi and James Nazroo and Sarah Stopforth and Chris White", year = "2024", month = sep, day = "23", language = "English", } .
Whose campus, whose security? Students’ views on and experiences of security services and police on university campuses @book{acf942a43ab64c309fa0f8f12a78172b, title = "Whose campus, whose security? Students{\textquoteright} views on and experiences of security services and police on university campuses", abstract = "In recent years, high-profile incidents and student activism have raised questions about how securitisation on university campuses is experienced by students, yet there is a stark absence of academic research on the topic. Whose campus, whose security? draws on three datasets: a national survey of 635 students, regional interviews with 30 students and data obtained through Freedom of Information requests. The study provides the first empirical account of students{\textquoteright} views on, and experiences of, security services and police on UK university campuses. In doing so, it deliberately centres student views and experiences to provide an evidence base for higher education institutions as they operationalise their commitments to the equality, diversity and inclusion agenda. ", keywords = "student, students, campus, security, securitisation, policing, university, universities", author = "Remi Joseph-Salisbury and Laura Connelly and Kerry Pimblott and Siobhan O'Neill and Harry Taylor", year = "2023", month = dec, day = "5", language = "English", isbn = "ISBN 978-1-3999-7264-2", publisher = "Centre on the Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE)", address = "United Kingdom", } .
The impact of Covid-19 and BLM on Black, Asian and ethnically diverse creatives and cultural workers @book{f16fd6e227f34fcc86e5498790f533cb, title = "The impact of Covid-19 and BLM on Black, Asian and ethnically diverse creatives and cultural workers", abstract = "This report draws on survey and interview data from Black, Asian and ethnically diverse aspiring and current workers in the cultural and creative sector collected through the Creative Access network, specifically: 720 responses to our survey and 42 individual interviews.  Despite potential advantages associated with membership of the Creative Access network, this research shows that respondents have experienced a negative impact following the Covid-19 pandemic, in terms of: a)reduced financial stability and job security; b)obstacles to entry, progression, and retention in the creative and cultural industries; c)ongoing forms of racial and religious discrimination within the industry; d)negative effects upon mental health. ", keywords = "creative industries, cultural industries, covid 19, BLM, employment, ethnicity", author = "Roaa Ali and Stephanie Guirand and Bridget Byrne and Anamik Saha and Harry Taylor", year = "2022", month = mar, language = "English", isbn = "978-0-9576682-7-0", publisher = "Centre on the Dynamics of Ethnicity and Creative Access", address = "United Kingdom", } .
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Methodological assumptions and limitations of life expectancy estimates for minoritised ethnic groups in the UK: implications for validity, practice, and policy @article{83f29642bdad460cba06b5c1850ff244, title = "Methodological assumptions and limitations of life expectancy estimates for minoritised ethnic groups in the UK: implications for validity, practice, and policy", abstract = "Experimental life expectancy estimates calculated by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) for the period 2011 to 2014 show significantly longer life expectancy for minoritised ethnic groups in England and Wales when compared with the white majority. These findings are in contrast to a large body of evidence of poorer health outcomes among certain minoritised ethnic groups (predominately Bangladeshi, Black Caribbean, Gypsy/Traveller and Pakistani groups), and have serious practice and policy implications if taken as definitive. We examine the data and methodology used by the ONS in producing these estimates, and consider the sources of error in that approach. We find that the estimates for minoritised ethnic groups exhibit high sensitivity to error that is not seen in the estimates for the White British population; although we note that even in our largest error scenario, many minoritised ethnic groups still have higher life expectancy than the White British group. Although the results are supported by evidence around the “healthy migrant” effect, and other global research on life expectancy by ethnic group, there is a risk that the ONS{\textquoteright} life expectancy estimates of minoritised ethnic groups may be being inflated due to the large amount of missing data among these groups, and the potential for those missing cohorts to be at higher risk of morbidity and mortality. The ONS{\textquoteright} estimates, while clearly labelled as experimental, have been used in academia, policy and the press without necessary caveats. We remind researchers of the experimental nature of the ONS{\textquoteright} life expectancy by ethnic group estimates, and advise caution in how they are used.", author = "Harry Taylor and Sarah Stopforth and Dharmi Kapadia and James Nazroo and Chris White and Laia Becares", year = "2026", month = feb, day = "1", doi = "10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118796", language = "English", volume = "390", journal = "Social Science \& Medicine", issn = "1873-5347", publisher = "Elsevier BV", } . Social Science & Medicine.
Associations between experiences of racial discrimination across the life course and mental health: Exploring direct and indirect pathways @article{0980eb79fb3442ce94cac1991faac302, title = "Associations between experiences of racial discrimination across the life course and mental health: Exploring direct and indirect pathways", abstract = "We aim to explore the association between racial discrimination across the life course on common mental disorders (CMD) during the COVID-19 pandemic, testing direct and indirect pathways. Cross-sectional data were obtained from the Evidence for Equality National Survey (Feb–Nov 2021, N = 8897 ethnic minority people aged 18–60). The survey measured experiences of racial discrimination across multiple domains and time periods. Path analyses were used to explore the associations between racial discrimination and CMD and the indirect associations via SARS-CoV-2 infection, financial concerns, loneliness and belonging. We find a clear dose–response relationship between experiences of racial discrimination over time and CMD. Compared to no reporting of experiences, chronic experiences of racial discrimination were associated with 2.91 times the odds of CMD (95\%CI: 2.33–3.65; recent experiences only OR = 2.11, 1.67–2.67; past experiences only OR = 1.50, 1.16–1.92). Recent and chronic experiences of racial discrimination (but not past experiences) were also indirectly associated with CMD, via SARS-CoV-2 infection, greater financial concerns, greater feelings of loneliness and a reduced sense of belonging. These findings were consistent across all domains of racial discrimination, indicating that racial discrimination in any setting can negatively impact mental health. Anti-racist interventions which target the interconnected dimensions of racism are needed. ", author = "Patricia Irizar and Dharmi Kapadia and Harry Taylor and Gertrude Wafula and Charles Kwaku-Odoi and Laia Becares and Katikireddi, \{Srinivasa Vittal\}", year = "2025", month = may, day = "1", doi = "10.1111/1467-9566.70023", language = "English", volume = "47", journal = "Sociology of Health and Illness", issn = "0141-9889", publisher = "John Wiley \& Sons Ltd", number = "4", } . Sociology of Health and Illness.
Associations Between Experiences of Racial Discrimination Across the Life Course and Mental Health @article{cc89b7ffaa304e9f9e90c61ac3942da1, title = "Associations Between Experiences of Racial Discrimination Across the Life Course and Mental Health: Exploring Direct and Indirect Pathways", abstract = "We aim to explore the association between racial discrimination across the life course on common mental disorders (CMD) during the COVID-19 pandemic, testing direct and indirect pathways. Cross-sectional data were obtained from the Evidence for Equality National Survey (Feb–Nov 2021, N = 8897 ethnic minority people aged 18–60). The survey measured experiences of racial discrimination across multiple domains and time periods. Path analyses were used to explore the associations between racial discrimination and CMD and the indirect associations via SARS-CoV-2 infection, financial concerns, loneliness and belonging. We find a clear dose–response relationship between experiences of racial discrimination over time and CMD. Compared to no reporting of experiences, chronic experiences of racial discrimination were associated with 2.91 times the odds of CMD (95\%CI: 2.33–3.65; recent experiences only OR = 2.11, 1.67–2.67; past experiences only OR = 1.50, 1.16–1.92). Recent and chronic experiences of racial discrimination (but not past experiences) were also indirectly associated with CMD, via SARS-CoV-2 infection, greater financial concerns, greater feelings of loneliness and a reduced sense of belonging. These findings were consistent across all domains of racial discrimination, indicating that racial discrimination in any setting can negatively impact mental health. Anti-racist interventions which target the interconnected dimensions of racism are needed.", keywords = "common mental disorders, ethnic inequalities, ethnicity, health inequalities, mental health, racism", author = "Patricia Irizar and Dharmi Kapadia and Harry Taylor and Gertrude Wafula and Charles Kwaku-Odoi and Laia B{\'e}cares and Katikireddi, \{Srinivasa Vittal\}", note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 The Author(s). Sociology of Health \& Illness published by John Wiley \& Sons Ltd on behalf of Foundation for the Sociology of Health \& Illness.", year = "2025", month = may, doi = "10.1111/1467-9566.70023", language = "English", volume = "47", journal = "Sociology of Health and Illness", issn = "0141-9889", publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell", number = "4", } . Sociology of Health and Illness.
The prevalence of common mental disorders across 18 ethnic groups in Britain during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence for Equality National Survey (EVENS) @article{f927b9e0ab0c4a99824c7908d4dedfcb, title = "The prevalence of common mental disorders across 18 ethnic groups in Britain during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence for Equality National Survey (EVENS)", abstract = "Background: The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted mental health in the general population in Britain. Ethnic minority people suffered disproportionately, in terms of health and economic outcomes, which may contribute to poorer mental health. We compare the prevalence of depression and anxiety across 18 ethnic groups in Britain during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data (February–November 2021) from 12,161 participants aged 18–60 years old (N with data on outcomes = 11,540 for depression \& 11,825 for anxiety), obtained from the Evidence for Equality National Survey (EVENS). Data were weighted to account for selection bias and coverage bias. Weighted regression models examined ethnic differences in depression (Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7). Effect modification analyses explored whether ethnic differences in outcomes were consistent within age and sex sub-groups. Results: Compared to White British people, greater odds of anxiety caseness (and greater anxiety symptoms) were observed for Arab (OR = 2.57; 95 \% CI = 1.35–4.91), Mixed White and Black Caribbean (1.57; 1.07–2.30), any other Black (2.22, 1.28–3.87) and any other Mixed (1.58; 1.08–2.31) ethnic groups. Lower odds of depression caseness (and lower depressive symptoms) were identified for Chinese (0.63; 0.46–0.85), Black African (0.60; 0.46–0.79), and any other Asian (0.55; 0.42–0.72) ethnic groups. Limitations: Cross-sectional data limits the opportunity to identify changes in ethnic inequalities in mental health over time. Conclusions: We have identified certain ethnic groups who may require more targeted mental health support to ensure equitable recovery post-pandemic. Despite finding lower levels of depression for some ethnic groups, approximately one third of people within each ethnic group met criteria for depression.", keywords = "Anxiety, Common mental disorders, Depression, Epidemiology, Ethnic inequalities", author = "Patricia Irizar and Harry Taylor and Dharmi Kapadia and Matthias Pierce and Laia Becares and Laura Goodwin and Katikireddi, \{Srinivasa Vittal\} and James Nazroo", year = "2024", month = aug, day = "1", doi = "10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.026", language = "English", volume = "358", pages = "42--51", journal = "Journal of Affective Disorders", issn = "0165-0327", publisher = "Elsevier BV", } . Journal of Affective Disorders.
The prevalence of common mental disorders across 18 ethnic groups in Britain during the COVID-19 pandemic @article{b2890215a5d74724b7fdb762bc95c6eb, title = "The prevalence of common mental disorders across 18 ethnic groups in Britain during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence for Equality National Survey (EVENS)", abstract = "Background The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted mental health in the general population in Britain. Ethnic minority people suffered disproportionately, in terms of health and economic outcomes, which may contribute to poorer mental health. We compare the prevalence of depression and anxiety across 18 ethnic groups in Britain during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data (February–November 2021) from 12,161 participants aged 18–60 years old (N with data on outcomes = 11,540 for depression \& 11,825 for anxiety), obtained from the Evidence for Equality National Survey (EVENS). Data were weighted to account for selection bias and coverage bias. Weighted regression models examined ethnic differences in depression (Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7). Effect modification analyses explored whether ethnic differences in outcomes were consistent within age and sex sub-groups. Results Compared to White British people, greater odds of anxiety caseness (and greater anxiety symptoms) were observed for Arab (OR = 2.57; 95 \% CI = 1.35–4.91), Mixed White and Black Caribbean (1.57; 1.07–2.30), any other Black (2.22, 1.28–3.87) and any other Mixed (1.58; 1.08–2.31) ethnic groups. Lower odds of depression caseness (and lower depressive symptoms) were identified for Chinese (0.63; 0.46–0.85), Black African (0.60; 0.46–0.79), and any other Asian (0.55; 0.42–0.72) ethnic groups. Limitations Cross-sectional data limits the opportunity to identify changes in ethnic inequalities in mental health over time. Conclusions We have identified certain ethnic groups who may require more targeted mental health support to ensure equitable recovery post-pandemic. Despite finding lower levels of depression for some ethnic groups, approximately one third of people within each ethnic group met criteria for depression.", author = "Patricia Irizar and Harry Taylor and Dharmi Kapadia and Laia Becares and Matthias Pierce and Laura Goodwin and Katikireddi, \{Srinivasa Vittal\} and James Nazroo", note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024 The Authors", year = "2024", month = aug, day = "1", doi = "10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.026", language = "English", volume = "358", pages = "42--51", journal = "Journal of Affective Disorders", issn = "0165-0327", publisher = "Elsevier", number = "1", } . Journal of Affective Disorders.
The persistence and pervasiveness of racial discrimination in Great Britain: capturing experienced racial discrimination over time and life domains @article{b840d9502e2f40d99e9c93ae58619962, title = "The persistence and pervasiveness of racial discrimination in Great Britain: capturing experienced racial discrimination over time and life domains", abstract = "Racism has been long-established to be associated with social, economic, and health inequalities for minoritized ethnic groups, but existent evidence likely under-estimates the extent and persistence of experienced racial discrimination due to limitations in the measurement of timing and domains of life here racial discrimination occurs. We analysed data captured by a novel retrospective measure of life course experiences of racial discrimination that measures the extent, persistence, and accumulation of experienced racial discrimination over the life course. Our findings show higher levels of experienced racial discrimination than previously reported, and uncover the pervasiveness of racial discrimination across life domains. By asking about different time periods we find that people who report experiencing racial discrimination are likely to have had these experiences in multiple domains, and multiple time periods, documenting the insidiousness of racial discrimination over time and domains of people's lives.", keywords = "Racism, measurement, ethnicity, Great Britain, life course, Racial Discrimination", author = "Laia Becares and Harry Taylor and James Nazroo and Dharmi Kapadia and Nissa Finney and Neema Begum and Natalie Shlomo", year = "2024", month = jul, day = "11", doi = "10.1080/01419870.2024.2372043", language = "English", journal = "Ethnic and racial studies", issn = "0141-9870", publisher = "Routledge", } . Ethnic and racial studies.
The persistence and pervasiveness of racial discrimination in Great Britain @article{dbec5e21727748af8bb34ef4785118c1, title = "The persistence and pervasiveness of racial discrimination in Great Britain: capturing experienced racial discrimination over time and life domains", abstract = "Racism has been long-established to be associated with social, economic, and health inequalities for minoritised ethnic groups, but existent evidence likely under-estimates the extent and persistence of experienced racial discrimination due to limitations in the measurement of timing and domains of life where racial discrimination occurs. We analysed data captured by a novel retrospective measure of life course experiences of racial discrimination that measures the extent, persistence, and accumulation of experienced racial discrimination over the life course. Our findings show higher levels of experienced racial discrimination than previously reported, and uncover the pervasiveness of racial discrimination across life domains. By asking about different time periods we find that people who report experiencing racial discrimination are likely to have had these experiences in multiple domains, and multiple time periods, documenting the insidiousness of racial discrimination over time and domains of people{\textquoteright}s lives. ", author = "Laia Becares and Harry Taylor and James Nazroo and Dharmi Kapadia and Nissa Finney and Neema Begum and Natalie Shlomo", year = "2024", month = jul, day = "11", doi = "10.1080/01419870.2024.2372043", language = "English", journal = "ETHNIC AND RACIAL STUDIES", issn = "0141-9870", publisher = "Routledge", } . ETHNIC AND RACIAL STUDIES.
Quality of ethnicity data within Scottish health records and implications of misclassification for ethnic inequalities in severe COVID-19 @article{26d1062355a048139cfa54aafbe22919, title = "Quality of ethnicity data within Scottish health records and implications of misclassification for ethnic inequalities in severe COVID-19: a national linked data study.", abstract = "Background: We compared the quality of ethnicity coding within the Public Health Scotland Ethnicity Look-up (PHS-EL) dataset, and other National Health Service datasets, with the 2011 Scottish Census. Methods: Measures of quality included the level of missingness and misclassification. We examined the impact of misclassification using Cox proportional hazards to compare the risk of severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (hospitalization \& death) by ethnic group. Results: Misclassification within PHS-EL was higher for all minority ethnic groups [12.5 to 69.1\%] compared with the White Scottish majority [5.1\%] and highest in the White Gypsy/Traveller group [69.1\%]. Missingness in PHS-EL was highest among the White Other British group [39\%] and lowest among the Pakistani group [17\%]. PHS-EL data often underestimated severe COVID-19 risk compared with Census data. e.g. in the White Gypsy/Traveller group the Hazard Ratio (HR) was 1.68 [95\% Confidence Intervals (CI): 1.03, 2.74] compared with the White Scottish majority using Census ethnicity data and 0.73 [95\% CI: 0.10, 5.15] using PHS-EL data; and HR was 2.03 [95\% CI: 1.20, 3.44] in the Census for the Bangladeshi group versus 1.45 [95\% CI: 0.75, 2.78] in PHS-EL. Conclusions: Poor quality ethnicity coding in health records can bias estimates, thereby threatening monitoring and understanding ethnic inequalities in health.", keywords = "COVID-19, ethnicity, quality", author = "Sarah Amele and Ronan McCabe and Eliud Kibuchi and Anna Pearce and K Hainey and E Demou and S Pattaro and Patricia Irizar and Dharmi Kapadia and James Nazroo and Harry Taylor and Laia Becares and D Buchanan and S Jayacodi and L Woolford and C Simpson and K Jeffrey and T Shi and L Daines and H Tibble and F Almaghrabi and A Sheikh and A Fagbamigbe and A Kurdi and C Robertson and Katikireddi, \{Srinivasa Vittal\}", year = "2024", month = mar, day = "1", doi = "10.1093/pubmed/fdad196", language = "English", volume = "46", pages = "116--122", journal = "Journal of Public Health", issn = "1741-3842", publisher = "Oxford University Press", number = "1", } . Journal of Public Health.
Disproportionate infection, hospitalisation and death from COVID-19 in ethnic minority groups and Indigenous Peoples: an application of the Priority Public Health Conditions analytical framework @article{8be31c0400f544e4a495aa9f746dfd10, title = "Disproportionate infection, hospitalisation and death from COVID-19 in ethnic minority groups and Indigenous Peoples: an application of the Priority Public Health Conditions analytical framework", abstract = "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in disproportionate consequences for ethnic minority groups and Indigenous Peoples. We present an application of the Priority Public Health Conditions (PPHC) framework from the World Health Organisation (WHO), to explicitly address COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses of pandemic potential. This application is supported by evidence that ethnic minority groups were more likely to be infected, implying differential exposure (PPHC level two), be more vulnerable to severe disease once infected (PPHC level three) and have poorer health outcomes following infection (PPHC level four). These inequities are driven by various interconnected dimensions of racism, that compounds with socioeconomic context and position (PPHC level one). We show that, for respiratory viruses, it is important to stratify levels of the PPHC framework by infection status and by societal, community, and individual factors to develop optimal interventions to reduce inequity from COVID-19 and future infectious diseases outbreaks.", keywords = "COVID-19, Ethnicity, Health inequity, Indigenous, Race, SARS-CoV-2", author = "Patricia Irizar and Daniel Pan and Harry Taylor and Christopher Martin and Katikireddi, \{Srinivasa Vittal\} and \{Wijekoon Kannangarage\}, Niluka and Susana Gomez and \{La Parra Casado\}, Daniel and \{Nuggehalli Srinivas\}, Prashanth and Finn Diderichsen and Rebecca Baggaley and Nellums, \{Laura B.\} and \{Swift Koller\}, Theadora and Manish Pareek", year = "2024", month = feb, day = "1", doi = "10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102360", language = "English", volume = "68", journal = "EClinicalMedicine", issn = "2589-5370", publisher = "The Lancet Publishing Group", } . EClinicalMedicine.
Ethnic inequalities in positive SARS-CoV-2 tests, infection prognosis, COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths @article{42985b6a3e584af08e7f34f73199168c, title = "Ethnic inequalities in positive SARS-CoV-2 tests, infection prognosis, COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths: analysis of 2 years of a record linked national cohort study in Scotland", abstract = "BACKGROUND: This study aims to estimate ethnic inequalities in risk for positive SARS-CoV-2 tests, COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths over time in Scotland.METHODS: We conducted a population-based cohort study where the 2011 Scottish Census was linked to health records. We included all individuals ≥ 16 years living in Scotland on 1 March 2020. The study period was from 1 March 2020 to 17 April 2022. Self-reported ethnic group was taken from the census and Cox proportional hazard models estimated HRs for positive SARS-CoV-2 tests, hospitalisations and deaths, adjusted for age, sex and health board. We also conducted separate analyses for each of the four waves of COVID-19 to assess changes in risk over time.FINDINGS: Of the 4 358 339 individuals analysed, 1 093 234 positive SARS-CoV-2 tests, 37 437 hospitalisations and 14 158 deaths occurred. The risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation or death among ethnic minority groups was often higher for White Gypsy/Traveller (HR 2.21, 95\% CI (1.61 to 3.06)) and Pakistani 2.09 (1.90 to 2.29) groups compared with the white Scottish group. The risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation or death following confirmed positive SARS-CoV-2 test was particularly higher for White Gypsy/Traveller 2.55 (1.81-3.58), Pakistani 1.75 (1.59-1.73) and African 1.61 (1.28-2.03) individuals relative to white Scottish individuals. However, the risk of COVID-19-related death following hospitalisation did not differ. The risk of COVID-19 outcomes for ethnic minority groups was higher in the first three waves compared with the fourth wave.INTERPRETATION: Most ethnic minority groups were at increased risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes in Scotland, especially White Gypsy/Traveller and Pakistani groups. Ethnic inequalities persisted following community infection but not following hospitalisation, suggesting differences in hospital treatment did not substantially contribute to ethnic inequalities.", keywords = "Humans, Ethnicity, Cohort Studies, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19/diagnosis, Minority Groups, Hospitalization, Scotland/epidemiology, Prognosis", author = "Sarah Amele and Eliud Kibuchi and Ronan McCabe and Anna Pearce and Paul Henery and Kirsten Hainey and Fagbamigbe, \{Adeniyi Francis\} and Amanj Kurdi and Colin McCowan and Simpson, \{Colin R\} and Chris Dibben and Duncan Buchanan and Evangelia Demou and Fatima Almaghrabi and Gina Anghelescu and Harry Taylor and Holly Tibble and Igor Rudan and James Nazroo and Laia B{\'e}cares and Luke Daines and Patricia Irizar and Sandra Jayacodi and Serena Pattaro and Aziz Sheikh and Katikireddi, \{Srinivasa Vittal\}", note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the ESRC (grant number ES/W000849/1). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. SA, EK, RM, AP, KH, ED and SVK are supported by Medical Research Council (MC\_UU\_00022/2) and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU17). SVK acknowledges funding from a National Records of Scotland Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02), the Medical Research Council (MC\_UU\_00022/2) and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU17). AP acknowledges funding from Wellcome Trust (205412/Z/16/Z). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.", year = "2023", month = oct, day = "1", doi = "10.1136/jech-2023-220501", language = "English", volume = "77", pages = "641--648", journal = "Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health", issn = "1470-2738", publisher = "BMJ Publishing Group", number = "10", } . Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.
Pathways to ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 health outcomes in the United Kingdom: A systematic map @article{3ed8a5ed19684939bc6209dd2a387773, title = "Pathways to ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 health outcomes in the United Kingdom: A systematic map", abstract = "Background: Marked ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 infection and its consequences have been documented. The aim of this paper is to identify the range and nature of evidence on potential pathways which lead to ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 related health outcomes in the United Kingdom (UK). Methods: We searched six bibliographic and five grey literature databases from 1 st December 2019 to 23 rd February 2022 for research on pathways to ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 health outcomes in the UK. Meta-data were extracted and coded, using a framework informed by a logic model. Open Science Framework Registration: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/HZRB7. Results: The search returned 10,728 records after excluding duplicates, with 123 included (83\% peer-reviewed). Mortality was the most common outcome investigated (N = 79), followed by infection (N = 52). The majority of studies were quantitative (N = 93, 75\%), with four qualitative studies (3\%), seven academic narrative reviews (6\%), nine third sector reports (7\%) and five government reports (4\%), and four systematic reviews or meta-analyses (3\%). There were 78 studies which examined comorbidities as a pathway to mortality, infection, and severe disease. Socioeconomic inequalities (N = 67) were also commonly investigated, with considerable research into neighbourhood infrastructure (N = 38) and occupational risk (N = 28). Few studies examined barriers to healthcare (N = 6) and consequences of infection control measures (N = 10). Only 11\% of eligible studies theorised racism to be a driver of inequalities and 10\% (typically government/third sector reports and qualitative studies) explored this as a pathway. Conclusion: This systematic map identified knowledge clusters that may be amenable to subsequent systematic reviews, and critical gaps in the evidence-base requiring additional primary research. Most studies do not incorporate or conceptualise racism as the fundamental cause of ethnic inequalities and therefore the contribution to literature and policy is limited.", keywords = "COVID-19, Ethnicity, Health inequalities, Racism, Systematic map", author = "Patricia Irizar and Dharmi Kapadia and Sarah Amele and Laia Becares and Pip Divall and Katikireddi, \{Srinivasa Vittal\} and Eliud Kibuchi and Dylan Kneale and Ronan McCabe and James Nazroo and Nellums, \{Laura B.\} and Harry Taylor and Shirley Sze and Daniel Pan and Manish Pareek", year = "2023", month = jul, day = "1", doi = "10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116044", language = "English", volume = "329", journal = "Social Science \& Medicine", issn = "1873-5347", publisher = "Elsevier BV", } . Social Science & Medicine.
Pathways to ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 health outcomes in the United Kingdom: a systematic map @article{49d536d9708d44e1bf484dec4812d06a, title = "Pathways to ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 health outcomes in the United Kingdom: a systematic map", abstract = "Background: Marked ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 infection and its consequences have been documented. The aim of this paper is to identify the range and nature of evidence on potential pathways which lead to ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 related health outcomes in the United Kingdom (UK). Methods: We searched six bibliographic and five grey literature databases from 1st December 2019 to 23rd February 2022 for research on pathways to ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 health outcomes in the UK. Meta-data were extracted and coded, using a framework informed by a logic model. Open Science Framework Registration: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/HZRB7. Results: The search returned 10,728 records after excluding duplicates, with 123 included (83\% peer-reviewed). Mortality was the most common outcome investigated (N = 79), followed by infection (N = 52). The majority of studies were quantitative (N = 93, 75\%), with four qualitative studies (3\%), seven academic narrative reviews (6\%), nine third sector reports (7\%) and five government reports (4\%), and four systematic reviews or meta-analyses (3\%). There were 78 studies which examined comorbidities as a pathway to mortality, infection, and severe disease. Socioeconomic inequalities (N = 67) were also commonly investigated, with considerable research into neighbourhood infrastructure (N = 38) and occupational risk (N = 28). Few studies examined barriers to healthcare (N = 6) and consequences of infection control measures (N = 10). Only 11\% of eligible studies theorised racism to be a driver of inequalities and 10\% (typically government/third sector reports and qualitative studies) explored this as a pathway. Conclusion: This systematic map identified knowledge clusters that may be amenable to subsequent systematic reviews, and critical gaps in the evidence-base requiring additional primary research. Most studies do not incorporate or conceptualise racism as the fundamental cause of ethnic inequalities and therefore the contribution to literature and policy is limited.", author = "Patricia Irizar and Dharmi Kapadia and Sarah Amele and Laia Becares and Pip Divall and Katikireddi, \{Srinivasa Vittal\} and Eliud Kibuchi and Dylan Kneale and Ronan McCabe and James Nazroo and Laura Nellums and Harry Taylor and Shirley Sze and Daniel Pan and Manish Pareek", note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the ESRC (grant number ES/W000849/1). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. DP is supported by a NIHR Doctoral Research Fellowship (NIHR302338). MP is supported by a NIHR Development and Skills Enhancement Award, by the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), and by the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands (ARC EM). The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. SVK acknowledges funding from a NRS Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02), the Medical Research Council (MC\_UU\_00022/2) and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU17). LBN is supported by an Academy of Medical Sciences Springboard Award (SBF005/1047). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors", year = "2023", month = jul, doi = "10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116044", language = "English", volume = "329", journal = "Social Science \& Medicine", issn = "0277-9536", publisher = "Elsevier Limited", } . Social Science & Medicine.
Older and still voting? A mixed-methods study of voting amongst the older old in Europe and in the North-West of England @article{598ab67774e248d8957037d17489a461, title = "Older and still voting? A mixed-methods study of voting amongst the older old in Europe and in the North-West of England", author = "Kingsley Purdam and Harry Taylor", year = "2023", month = apr, day = "13", doi = "10.1017/S0144686X23000120", language = "English", journal = "Ageing and Society", issn = "0144-686X", publisher = "Cambridge University Press", } . Ageing and Society.
K. Purdam, H. Taylor(2023). Older and still voting? A mixed-methods study of voting amongst the older old in Europe and in the North-West of England . Ageing and Society. Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Localization.LocalizedHtmlString 1--27. Cambridge University Press ({CUP})
Older and still voting? A mixed-methods study of voting amongst the older old in Europe and in the North-West of England @article{14d9694e95a64b3c99b90fffb55058bc, title = "Older and still voting? A mixed-methods study of voting amongst the older old in Europe and in the North-West of England", abstract = "The implications of an ageing population for democracy are far reaching, however, older people are often treated as a homogenous group. This article used survey data from 29 countries across Europe, alongside qualitative interviews with the older old (people aged 70 and older) in the North-West of England (United Kingdom). The findings suggest that voting declines amongst the older old and women aged 85 and older were less likely to report having voted compared to men in the same age group. Older women aged 85 and older were also less likely to feel that people like them could have an influence on politics. In terms of a sense of the future, having grandchildren was associated with the likelihood of reporting having voted, but being older than the country average life expectancy was not. The interviews with the older old in the North-West of England revealed that many could remember the first time they had voted and its lasting personal significance. However, many also described becoming politically disengaged in their late old age. Older people also reported barriers to voting, including difficulties in accessing polling stations and in using postal voting. There was a desire amongst the older old to see more young people voting and frustration about their lack of interest, including amongst their own children and grandchildren. This suggests a concern for democracy and future generations. As the population ages and people are living longer, it is important to develop the understanding of voter turnout amongst the older old at different ages and the barriers they can face.", keywords = "Ageing, democracy, older people, voting", author = "Kingsley Purdam and Harry Taylor", year = "2023", month = apr, day = "12", doi = "10.1017/S0144686X23000120", language = "English", journal = "Ageing \& Society", issn = "0144-686X", publisher = "Cambridge University Press", } . Ageing & Society.
Ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation, intensive care admission, and death: a global systematic review and meta-analysis of over 200 million study participants @article{7d2a055912fd4e5ab370fbb1fbbca7da, title = "Ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation, intensive care admission, and death: a global systematic review and meta-analysis of over 200 million study participants", abstract = "Background: COVID-19 has exacerbated existing ethnic inequalities in health. Little is known about whether inequalities in severe disease and deaths, observed globally among minoritised ethnic groups, relates to greater infection risk, poorer prognosis, or both. We analysed global data on COVID-19 clinical outcomes examining inequalities between people from minoritised ethnic groups compared to the ethnic majority group. Methods: Databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMCARE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library) were searched from 1st December 2019 to 3rd October 2022, for studies reporting original clinical data for COVID-19 outcomes disaggregated by ethnicity: infection, hospitalisation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality. We assessed inequalities in incidence and prognosis using random-effects meta-analyses, with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) use to assess certainty of findings. Meta-regressions explored the impact of region and time-frame (vaccine roll-out) on heterogeneity. PROSPERO: CRD42021284981. Findings: 77 studies comprising over 200,000,000 participants were included. Compared with White majority populations, we observed an increased risk of testing positive for infection for people from Black (adjusted Risk Ratio [aRR]:1.78, 95\% CI:1.59–1.99, I 2 = 99.1), South Asian (aRR:3.00, 95\% CI:1.59–5.66, I 2 = 99.1), Mixed (aRR:1.64, 95\% CI:1.02–1.67, I 2 = 93.2) and Other ethnic groups (aRR:1.36, 95\% CI:1.01–1.82, I 2 = 85.6). Black, Hispanic, and South Asian people were more likely to be seropositive. Among population-based studies, Black and Hispanic ethnic groups and Indigenous peoples had an increased risk of hospitalisation; Black, Hispanic, South Asian, East Asian and Mixed ethnic groups and Indigenous peoples had an increased risk of ICU admission. Mortality risk was increased for Hispanic, Mixed, and Indigenous groups. Smaller differences were seen for prognosis following infection. Following hospitalisation, South Asian, East Asian, Black and Mixed ethnic groups had an increased risk of ICU admission, and mortality risk was greater in Mixed ethnic groups. Certainty of evidence ranged from very low to moderate. Interpretation: Our study suggests that systematic ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 health outcomes exist, with large differences in exposure risk and some differences in prognosis following hospitalisation. Response and recovery interventions must focus on tackling drivers of ethnic inequalities which increase exposure risk and vulnerabilities to severe disease, including structural racism and racial discrimination. Funding: ESRC: ES/W000849/1.", keywords = "Meta-analysis, Ethnicity, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Systematic review, Prognosis", author = "Patricia Irizar and Daniel Pan and Dharmi Kapadia and Laia Becares and Shirley Sze and Harry Taylor and Sarah Amele and Eliud Kibuchi and Pip Divall and Gray, \{Laura J.\} and Nellums, \{Laura B.\} and Katikireddi, \{Srinivasa Vittal\} and Manish Pareek", year = "2023", month = mar, day = "5", doi = "10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101877", language = "English", volume = "57", journal = "EClinicalMedicine", issn = "2589-5370", publisher = "The Lancet Publishing Group", } . EClinicalMedicine.
Harry Taylor, Patricia Irizar, Daniel Pan, Dharmi Kapadia, Laia Bécares, Shirley Sze, Sarah Amele, Eliud Kibuchi, Pip Divall, Laura J. Gray, et al.(2023). Ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation, intensive care admission, and death: a global systematic review and meta-analysis of over 200 million study participants . eClinicalMedicine. 57. Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Localization.LocalizedHtmlString 101877. Elsevier {BV}
Laia B{\'{e}}cares and Richard J. Shaw and Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi and Patricia Irizar and Sarah Amele and Dharmi Kapadia and James Nazroo and Harry Taylor(2022). Racism as the fundamental cause of ethnic inequities in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: A theoretical framework and empirical exploration using the UK Household Longitudinal Study . SSM - Population Health. 19. Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Localization.LocalizedHtmlString 101150. Elsevier {BV}
Racism as the fundamental cause of ethnic inequities in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy @article{95186ae7f1a04793928beabb29ccdd16, title = "Racism as the fundamental cause of ethnic inequities in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: A theoretical framework and empirical exploration using the UK Household Longitudinal Study", abstract = "Ethnic inequities in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy have been reported in the United Kingdom (UK), and elsewhere. Explanations have mainly focused on differences in the level of concern about side effects, and in lack of trust in the development and efficacy of vaccines. Here we propose that racism is the fundamental cause of ethnic inequities in vaccine hesitancy. We introduce a theoretical framework detailing the mechanisms by which racism at the structural, institutional, and interpersonal level leads to higher vaccine hesitancy among minoritised ethnic groups. We then use data from Wave 6 of the UK Household Longitudinal Study COVID-19 Survey (November to December 2020) to empirically examine these pathways, operationalised into institutional, community, and individual-level factors. We use the Karlson–Holm–Breen method to formally compare the relationship between ethnicity and vaccine hesitancy once age and gender, sociodemographic variables, and institutional, community, and individual-level factors are accounted for. Based on the Average Partial Effects we calculate the percentage of ethnic inequities explained by each set of factors. Findings show that institutional-level factors (socioeconomic position, area-level deprivation, overcrowding) explained the largest part (42\%) of the inequity in vaccine hesistancy for Pakistani or Bangladeshi people, and community-level factors (ethnic density, community cohesion, political efficacy, racism in the area) were the most important factors for Indian and Black groups, explaining 35\% and 15\% of the inequity, respectively. Our findings suggest that if policy intervened on institutional and community-level factors – shaped by structural and institutional racism - considerable success in reducing ethnic inequities might be achieved.", keywords = "COVID-19, Ethnic inequities, Racism, Vaccine hesitancy", author = "Laia B{\'e}cares and Shaw, \{Richard J.\} and Katikireddi, \{Srinivasa Vittal\} and Patricia Irizar and Sarah Amele and Dharmi Kapadia and James Nazroo and Harry Taylor", note = "Funding Information: This study was funded by the Economics and Social Research Council ( ES/W000849/1 ). SVK acknowledges funding from a NRS Senior Clinical Fellowship ( SCAF/15/02 ). RJS, SA and SVK acknowledge funding from the Medical Research Council ( MC\_UU\_00022/2 ) and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office ( SPHSU17 ). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022", year = "2022", month = sep, doi = "10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101150", language = "English", volume = "19", journal = "SSM - Population Health", issn = "2352-8273", publisher = "Elsevier Limited", } . SSM - Population Health.
Harry Taylor and Piers Dawes and Dharmi Kapadia and Nick Shryane and Paul Norman(2021). Investigating ethnic inequalities in hearing aid use in England and Wales: a cross-sectional study . International Journal of Audiology. Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Localization.LocalizedHtmlString 1--11. Informa {UK} Limited
Investigating ethnic inequalities in hearing aid use in England and Wales: a cross-sectional study @article{cf268bac4c45473691068e4a5803d1bd, title = "Investigating ethnic inequalities in hearing aid use in England and Wales: a cross-sectional study", author = "Harry Taylor and Piers Dawes and Dharmi Kapardi and Nick Shryane and Paul Norman", year = "2021", month = dec, day = "15", doi = "10.1080/14992027.2021.2009131", language = "English", volume = "62", journal = "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUDIOLOGY", issn = "1499-2027", publisher = "Taylor and Francis Ltd.", number = "1", } . INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUDIOLOGY.
Investigating ethnic inequalities in hearing aid use in England and Wales: a cross-sectional study @article{04de186aa9b541b9afb6547652683ee4, title = "Investigating ethnic inequalities in hearing aid use in England and Wales: a cross-sectional study", abstract = "Objective To establish whether ethnic inequalities exist in levels of self-reported hearing difficulty and hearing aid use among middle-aged adults. Design Cross-sectional data from the UK Biobank resource. Study sample 164,460 participants aged 40–69 who answered hearing questions at an assessment centre in England or Wales. Results After taking into account objectively assessed hearing performance and a corresponding correction for bias in non-native English speakers, as well as a range of correlates including demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors, there were lower levels of hearing aid use for people from Black African (OR 0.36, 95\% CI 0.17–0.77), Black Caribbean (OR 0.38, 95\% CI 0.22–0.65) and Indian (OR 0.60, 95\% CI 0.41–0.86) ethnic groups, compared to the White British or Irish group. Men from most ethnic minority groups and women from Black African, Black Caribbean and Indian groups were less likely to report hearing difficulty than their White British or Irish counterparts. Conclusions For equivalent levels of hearing loss, the use of hearing aids is lower among ethnic minority groups. Inequalities are partly due to lower levels of self-reported hearing difficulty among minority groups. However, even when self-reported hearing difficulty is considered, hearing aid use remains lower among many ethnic minority groups.", author = "Harry Taylor and Piers Dawes and Dharmi Kapadia and Nick Shryane and Paul Norman", year = "2021", month = dec, day = "15", doi = "10.1080/14992027.2021.2009131", language = "English", journal = "International Journal of Audiology", issn = "1499-2027", publisher = "Taylor \& Francis", } . International Journal of Audiology.
Understanding ethnic inequalities in hearing health in the UK: a cross-sectional study of the link between language proficiency and performance on the Digit Triplet Test @article{cc2294066b86472b948923101bc1adf0, title = "Understanding ethnic inequalities in hearing health in the UK: a cross-sectional study of the link between language proficiency and performance on the Digit Triplet Test", author = "Harry Taylor and Nick Shryane and Dharmi Kapadia and Piers Dawes and Paul Norman", year = "2020", month = dec, day = "9", doi = "10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042571", language = "English", volume = "10", journal = "BMJ Open", issn = "2044-6055", publisher = "BMJ Publishing Group", number = "12", } . BMJ Open.
Harry Taylor and Nick Shryane and Dharmi Kapadia and Piers Dawes and Paul Norman(2020). Understanding ethnic inequalities in hearing health in the UK: a cross-sectional study of the link between language proficiency and performance on the Digit Triplet Test . BMJ Open. 10. (12). Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Localization.LocalizedHtmlString e042571. {BMJ}
Understanding ethnic inequalities in hearing health in the UK: a cross-sectional study of the link between language proficiency and performance on the Digit Triplet Test @article{4fea148948534bd5943ad42d977dac60, title = "Understanding ethnic inequalities in hearing health in the UK: a cross-sectional study of the link between language proficiency and performance on the Digit Triplet Test", abstract = "Introduction Research using the UK Biobank data has shown ethnic inequalities in hearing health; however, the hearing test used may exhibit a disadvantage for non-native language speakers. Objectives To validate the results of the UK Biobank hearing test (Digit Triplet Test, DTT) against self-reported measures of hearing in the dataset and create classifications of hearing health. To observe if language proficiency and migration age have the same effect on hearing health classification as on the DTT in isolation. Our hypothesis is that language proficiency acts differently on the DTT, demonstrating that the DTT is biased for non-native speakers of English. Design Latent classes representing profiles of hearing health were identified from the available hearing measures. Factors associated with class membership were tested using multinomial logistic regression models. Ethnicity was defined as (1) White, native English-speaking, (2) ethnic minority, arrived in the UK aged <12 or (3) ethnic minority, arrived aged >12. Participants The UK Biobank participants with valid hearing test results and associated covariates (N=151 268). Outcome measures DTT score, self-reported hearing difficulty, self-reported hearing difficulty in noise and hearing aid use. Results Three classes of hearing health were found: normal', generally poor' and only subjectively poor'. In a model adjusting for known confounders of hearing loss, a poor or insufficient hearing test result was less likely for those with better language (OR 0.69, 95\% CI 0.65 to 0.74) or numerical ability (OR 0.71, 95\% CI 0.67 to 0.75) but more likely for those having migrated aged >12 (OR 3.85, 95\% CI 3.64 to 4.07). Conclusions The DTT showed evidence of bias, having greater dependence on language ability and migration age than other hearing indicators. Designers of future surveys and hearing screening applications may wish to consider the limitations of speech-in-noise tests in evaluating hearing acuity for populations that include non-native speakers.", keywords = "audiology, epidemiology, statistics \& research methods", author = "Harry Taylor and Nick Shryane and Dharmi Kapadia and Piers Dawes and Paul Norman", note = "Funding Information: Funding This work was supported by the Economic and Social Research Council (grant number ES/P000665/1) and the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}", year = "2020", month = dec, day = "1", doi = "10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042571", language = "English", volume = "10", journal = "BMJ Open", issn = "2044-6055", publisher = "BMJ ", number = "12", } . BMJ Open.
Visit Britain: Differences in life expectancy by famous places and landmarks @article{14629dabd0f7461a805525086486fc8a, title = "Visit Britain: Differences in life expectancy by famous places and landmarks", author = "Kingsley Purdam and Harry Taylor", year = "2019", month = jul, day = "2", doi = "10.1177/0308518x19860543", language = "English", journal = "Environment and Planning A", issn = "0308-518X", publisher = "SAGE Publications Ltd", } . Environment and Planning A.
Harry Taylor, Kingsley Purdam(2019). Visit Britain: Differences in life expectancy by famous places and landmarks . Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space. 52. (2). Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Localization.LocalizedHtmlString 255--259. {SAGE} Publications
Harry Taylor, Kingsley Purdam(2019). Visit Britain . Environment and Planning A. Sage Publications Ltd
BOOK CHAPTER
Harry Taylor, Dharmi Kapadia, Laia B&#233;cares, Michaela Šťastn&#225;, James Nazroo(2023). Health and wellbeing . Racism and Ethnic Inequality in a Time of Crisis. Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Localization.LocalizedHtmlString 78--95. Policy Press
Harry Taylor, Natalie Shlomo, James Nazroo, Nissa Finney, Laia B&#233;cares, Dharmi Kapadia, Andrea Aparicio-Castro, Daniel Ellingworth, Angelo Moretti(2023). The making of EVENS . Racism and Ethnic Inequality in a Time of Crisis. Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Localization.LocalizedHtmlString 11--29. Policy Press
Harry Taylor, Natalie Shlomo, James Nazroo, Nissa Finney, Laia Becares, Dharmi Kapadia, Andrea Aparicio-Castro, Dan Ellingworth, Angelo Moretti(2023). The making of EVENS . Racism and Ethnic Inequality in a Time of Crisis. Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Localization.LocalizedHtmlString 11--29. Policy Press
Harry Taylor, Dharmi Kapadia, Laia Becares, Michaela Stastna, James Nazroo(2023). Health and wellbeing . Racism and Ethnic Inequality in a time of Crisis: Findings from the Evidence for Equality National Survey. Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Localization.LocalizedHtmlString 78--95. Policy Press