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Hire Dr. Irum F.

Hong Kong

USD 150 /hr

NSF/SBIR Grant Consultant | TENG, Solar Cells, Radiative Cooling Expert | Published in Adv. Science, Nano Energy, SusMat

Profile Summary

My expertise lies in Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) interfacial charge loss mitigation, performance enhancement, device design, and mathematical/numerical model development using COMSOL Multiphysics. I specialize in understanding and engineering the electrical double layer and charge transfer dynamics at triboelectric interfaces. Complementing this, I have developed patented passive radiative cooling aerogel materials (submitted to AAAS/Science) and have deep experience in smart window technologies including thermochromic perovskite integration and perovskite solar cell interface engineering. Technical Depth & Materials Mastery: I bring a comprehensive, hands-on understanding of functional polymers essential for next-generation energy and thermal management devices. My synthesis and fabrication expertise spans: i. Polymer Systems: Conducting polymers, fluoropolymers (e.g., PTFE, FEP), self-healing hydrogels, ionogels, and stretchable elastomers. ii. Fabrication Methods: Electropolymerization, electrospinning, spin coating, solvent casting, and chemical oxidative polymerization. iii. Transparent Conducting Electrodes: AgNWs (Silver Nanowires) and PEDOT:PSS integration for flexible and stretchable device architectures. Advanced Characterization & Modeling Capabilities: I provide clients with data-driven insights derived from expert-level operation of: i. Electroanalytical Techniques: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Time-Resolved Electroanalytical Spectroscopy, in-situ charge/discharge monitoring. ii. Surface & Interface Analysis: Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). iii. Multiphysics Simulation: COMSOL for electrostatic field distribution, mechanical stress analysis, and heat transfer modeling in radiative cooling systems. How I Can Support Your Project: Whether you are a startup seeking SBIR/STTR grant support, an established company needing a feasibility study on self-powered sensors, or an IP firm requiring technical due diligence on radiative cooling materials, I offer remote, fixed-fee consulting. My track record includes 25+ publications (Advanced Science, Nano Energy, JMCA), a US Patent on self-healable hydrogels, and active contributions to NSFC and Hong Kong ITF funded research. I translate complex interfacial science into actionable R&D roadmaps that de-risk product development.

Subject Matter Expertise

• ☆ Surface Science
• ☆ Physical Chemistry
• ☆ Polymer Chemistry
• ☆ Electrochemistry
• ☆ Green Chemistry
• ☆ Electrical Engineering
• ☆ Electronics Engineering
• ☆ Mechanical Engineering
• ☆ Engineering Thermodynamics/Thermophysical Engineering
• ☆ Energy Security
• ☆ Electric Power
• ☆ Adhesion Technology
• ☆ Hypothesis
• ☆ Peer Review
• ☆ Research Methodology
• ☆ Survey Design & Methodology
• ☆ Feasibility Studies
• ☆ Technology Scouting
• ☆ Literature Search
• ☆ Gap Analysis
• ☆ Technical & Scientific Writing
• ☆ Journal Selection
• ☆ Manuscript & Journal Article Writing
• ☆ Instructional Materials
• ☆ Experimental Protocols
• ☆ Scientific Proofreading & Editing
• ☆ Proofreading & Editing
• ☆ Creative Writing
• ☆ Grant Writing

Services

• Writing
• Research
• Consulting
• Data & AI
• Product Development

Writing Technical Writing, Creative Writing, General Proofreading & Editing

Research User Research, Feasibility Study, Technology Scouting, Fact Checking, Gap Analysis, Scientific and Technical Research, Systematic Literature Review, Secondary Data Collection

Consulting Digital Strategy Consulting, Scientific and Technical Consulting

Data & AI Data Visualization

Product Development Formulation, Recipe Development, Material Sourcing, Product Validation, Concept Development, Device Fabrication

Work Experience

City University of Hong Kong

- Present

PostdoctoralResearcher

City University of Hong Kong

August 2024 - April 2026

PostdoctoralResearcher

City University of Hong Kong

October 2022 - May 2024

Graduate Research Assistant / Research Assistant

City University of Hong Kong

January 2022 - October 2022

PhD Student, Teaching Assistant

City University of Hong Kong

July 2019 - December 2021

Education

City University of Hong Kong

- Present

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D)

City University of Hong Kong

July 2019 - October 2022

Certifications

• Bachelor of Education (B.Ed)

  Allama Iqbal Open University

  September 2016 - Present

Publications

JOURNAL ARTICLE

Mechano-electronic integration of accordion-mechanical energy harvester for angle sensing and energy autarky @article{d4c605eff9214d5385a273e37b4242da, title = "Mechano-electronic integration of accordion-mechanical energy harvester for angle sensing and energy autarky", abstract = "To enable mechano-electronic integration, future devices must be equipped with the capability to harvest energy from complex vibrations that vary in direction, frequency, and amplitude. Additionally, achieving a balance between energy harvesting and motion sensing within a single structure remains challenging due to their inherently opposing design principles. Reported studies focus on achieving performance indicators in single directional operation, while paying less consideration to efficiency and stability in complex environments. Although there have been some attempts to address this, these devices suffer from limited stability and incur high maintenance costs due to their stacking design. Herein, we develop an accordion-inspired design and study the relationships between its geometric parameters, interlayer separation dynamics, and output performance to maximize the electrical output while achieving high angle sensitivity. Different from reported work on multilayer designs—primarily aimed at increasing effective contact area by increasing the number of layers—this study investigates interlayer separation dynamics and provides solution to compensate the reduction in output gain with continuous increasing number of layers. The device yields a sustainable power output of 472.5 mW/m2 at low frequency of 1 Hz with high sensitivity of 7 V/°, compared to mV-level in most reported angle sensing works, and 0.2 μA/°. Furthermore, we pioneer a 2-m prototype and demonstrate its application in a gate system, showcasing its customizability and adaptability in real world application. {\textcopyright} 2026 Elsevier B.V.", keywords = "Angle sensing, Energy harvesting, Interlayer dynamics, Real-world application, System integration", author = "Weilu Li and Almardi, {Jasim M.} and Xiangkun Bo and Irum Firdous and Xiangyang Zhang and Daoud, {Walid A.}", year = "2026", month = feb, day = "1", doi = "10.1016/j.cej.2026.172698", language = "English", volume = "529", journal = "Chemical Engineering Journal", issn = "1385-8947", publisher = "Elsevier B.V.", } . Chemical Engineering Journal.

Remarkable tin electrochemistry @article{817e491c4173474d9c28a1c4a7c2156d, title = "Remarkable tin electrochemistry: High energy density dendrite-free alkaline tin-iodine flow battery", abstract = "Metal-based aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) offer low cost and high energy density, with zinc-based systems being the most prominent, but they are limited by dendrite growth and poor long-term stability. Herein we report a tin-iodine ARFB employing a defect-modified graphite felt (Dm-TGF) anode via plasma treatment and cobalt-assisted etching. The introduced carbon defects reduce the nucleation energy barrier, homogenize the electric field, and facilitate tin deposition within nanopores, enabling dendrite-free, highly reversible plating/stripping with suppressed hydrogen evolution. As a result, the Sn-I cell delivers an areal discharge capacity of 109.17 mAh cm−2 at 15 mA cm−2 and 67.8 mAh cm−2 at 20 mA cm−2, alongside a Coulombic efficiency above 90 %. The Dm-TGF electrode also provides stable cycling for over 300 h under accelerated conditions, outperforming conventional Sn-I and Zn-based ARFBs. This work highlights the impact of defect engineering of carbon felt as a practical strategy for realizing high-energy-density, dendrite-free ARFBs. {\textcopyright} 2025 Elsevier Ltd.", keywords = "Carbon defect, Dendrite-free, Redox flow battery, Sn(IV)/Sn redox couple", author = "Faheem Mushtaq and Yan Xiang and Xian Xie and Xiangyang Zhang and Weijun Zhou and Muhammad Fahim and Irum Firdous and Daoud, {Walid A.}", year = "2025", month = dec, doi = "10.1016/j.mtener.2025.102104", language = "English", volume = "54", journal = "Materials Today Energy", issn = "2468-6069", publisher = "Elsevier Ltd.", } . Materials Today Energy.

Electragel for Advanced Static Charge Mitigation and Energy Harvesting @article{fa59cdfe3b58435694dfc291d015ebba, title = "Electragel for Advanced Static Charge Mitigation and Energy Harvesting", abstract = "The heightened sensitivity of modern electronics has outpaced the effectiveness of traditional grounding, ionization, and environmental control methods, which necessitates the development of advanced technologies to reliably safeguard against electromagnetic interference and ensure consistent performance. This study introduces a material called Electragel, a highly transparent (92%) and adhesive (1.6 MPa shear strength) matrix, which can effectively scavenge static charges from stationary and dynamic sources to enable controlled dissipation or abundant electricity generation. This unique charge-absorbing matrix can screen charges from a wide range of materials. Experiments showed that Electragel can reduce the voltage output of electrified surfaces from 1.9 to 0.2 V regardless of the geometry, spread area, or dissipation pattern of the static charges. With its high charge storage capacity, the Electragel matrix is leveraged to harness stored static charges as a source of ambient electricity and achieved maximal outputs of 15.5 W m−2. The Electragel system exhibited an output range of 20–632 mA m−2 under mechanical stimuli of 1–300 m s−2, which demonstrates its efficacy in static-charge screening and mechanical endurance. The versatile static charge management of the Electragel system advances the understanding of charge dynamics and enables innovative energy and static control applications. {\textcopyright} 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.", keywords = "electragel, electrostatic discharge protection, energy harvesting, nanogenerator, renewable energy", author = "Irum Firdous and Muhammad Fahim and Kaixin Lin and Ho, {Tsz Chung} and Yihao Zhu and Tso, {Chi Yan}", year = "2025", month = sep, day = "23", doi = "10.1002/advs.202504600", language = "English", journal = "Advanced Science", issn = "2198-3844", publisher = "Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH", } . Advanced Science.

Fast Charging and High Power Ionogel-Based Rain Energy Harvester @article{b82418e1d9694e889fa7010f045f846f, title = "Fast Charging and High Power Ionogel-Based Rain Energy Harvester", abstract = "The growing demand for sustainable energy has triggered the exploration of innovative solutions to harness clean and renewable sources. In this pursuit, harvesting rain energy has emerged as a promising approach due to its unlimited availability. However, traditional droplet-based harvesters face several challenges, including a long charging period, low electrical power output, and fast charge dissipation. This study presents an innovative ionogel-based rain energy harvester that overcomes these limitations. The key advancement lies in the stable polarized interface created by the ionogel, which enables rapid charging and high charge retention, leading to a significant instantaneous power within the first few raindrops and achieving an 8-fold increase in saturation performance over conventional design. The harvester only requires 25 droplets to reach saturation and maximum electrical output, achieving an impressive power density of 235.11 W m−2 and a conversion efficiency of 6.77%, being the highest recorded for ionogel and hydrogel-based droplet energy harvesters. Additionally, the adhesive nature of the ionogel enhances the device's stability and versatility in varying energy generation and steam leakage applications. This work advances the pursuit of sustainable energy harvesting by bridging materials science with practical application. {\textcopyright} 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.", keywords = "droplet energy harvesting, ionogel, rain, steam sensing, triboelectrification", author = "Ruoxuan Ye and Irum Firdous and Muhammad Fahim and Jihong Shi and Weilu Li and Xiangkun Bo and Fei Lui and Daoud, {Walid A.}", year = "2025", month = sep, day = "18", doi = "10.1002/advs.202504608", language = "English", volume = "12", journal = "Advanced Science", issn = "2198-3844", publisher = "Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH", number = "35", } . Advanced Science.

Vanadium dioxide - Perovskite tandem smart windows achieve full-spectrum modulation via plasmonic Fabry-Pérot engineering @article{f74f93eb719b4eb08746348f574f908e, title = "Vanadium dioxide - Perovskite tandem smart windows achieve full-spectrum modulation via plasmonic Fabry-P{\'e}rot engineering", abstract = "Conventional thermochromic windows are limited by their single-band modulation, which restricts their ability to simultaneously manage solar light and mid-infrared heat radiation. This study introduces a novel Full-spectrum Modulated Perovskite-based Smart Window (FMPSW) that can simultaneously regulate solar light transmittance and mid-infrared emissivity in response to thermal changes while maintaining high luminous transmittance. By integrating optical simulations with experimental validation, the optimized FMPSW design demonstrates exceptional energy-saving potential through the incorporation of Fabry-P{\'e}rot resonance and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The optimized design achieves remarkable solar modulation (16 %) and emissivity modulation (33.4 %) simultaneously, with a cold-state luminous transmittance exceeding 40 %. Experimental results also show a maximum emissivity adjustment of 46 % without compromising high luminous transmittance levels. Furthermore, EnergyPlus simulations confirm the practical applicability of FMPSW, demonstrating significant energy savings across cold (Beijing), temperate (Shanghai), and sub-tropical (Hong Kong) climates. Specifically, the proposed window system achieves a 22.66 % annual cooling energy reduction in tropical climates compared to conventional glass, addressing critical urbanization challenges. This research not only advances the development of adaptive thermochromic windows but also establishes a pioneering material integration paradigm for sustainable architecture, particularly targeting energy-intensive urbanization in tropical regions. {\textcopyright} 2025 The Authors.", keywords = "Green buildings, Phase transition, Thermochromic perovskite, Smart windows, Radiative cooling", author = "Qiuyi Shi and Bowen Li and Yuwei Du and Sai Liu and Rui Zhang and Cancheng Jiang and Xin Li and Muhammad Fahim and Irum Firdous and HO, {Johnny C. Y.} and Tso, {Chi Yan}", year = "2025", month = aug, day = "15", doi = "10.1016/j.cej.2025.164738", language = "English", volume = "518", journal = "Chemical Engineering Journal", issn = "1385-8947", publisher = "Elsevier B.V.", } . Chemical Engineering Journal.

Flexoelectric manipulation of ferroelectric polarization in self-strained tellurium @article{472dc51c9f9a48ac864591df7b380f33, title = "Flexoelectric manipulation of ferroelectric polarization in self-strained tellurium", abstract = "Beyond conventional ferroelectric compounds, the realization of single-element ferroelectricity expands the scope of ferroelectric materials and diversifies polarization mechanisms. However, strategies for manipulating ferroelectric dipoles in elemental ferroelectrics remain underexplored, limiting their broader applications. Here, we introduce a universal flexoelectric manipulation strategy to tune the ferroelectric and piezoelectric polarization of one-dimensional self-strained tellurium (Te) ferroelectrics. A substantial flexoelectric field of 9.55 microcoulombs per square centimeter was observed in self-strained Te, inducing a polarization rotation of 18°, comparable to the typical 15° rotation in ferroelectric PbTiO3 compounds. This substantial polarization rotation enhances ferroelectric coercivity by 165% and piezoelectric responses by 75% compared to unstrained Te. Moreover, the flexoelectric manipulation of ferroelectric polarization demonstrated improved energy harvesting performance at the device level, surpassing most existing counterparts. Our findings highlight the crucial role of flexoelectricity-ferroelectricity coupling in developing high-performance single-element electromechanical devices and ferroelectronics. {\textcopyright} 2025 The Authors", author = "Yan Yan and Xiongyi Liang and Liqiang Wang and Yuxuan Zhang and Jiaming Zhou and Weijun Wang and Zhibo Zhang and Yu Zhou and Irum Firdous and Zhengxun Lai and Wei Wang and Pengshan Xie and Yuecheng Xiong and Daoud, {Walid A.} and Zhiyong Fan and Dong-Myeong Shin and Yong Yang and Yang Lu and Zeng, {Xiao Cheng} and You Meng and Ho, {Johnny C.}", year = "2025", month = aug, doi = "10.1126/sciadv.adu1716", language = "English", volume = "11", journal = "Science Advances", issn = "2375-2548", publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science", number = "31", } . Science Advances.

Yuecheng Xiong, Weijun Wang, You Meng, Wei Wang, Jiaming Zhou, Zhibo Zhang, Yuxuan Zhang, Yang Lu, Dong-Myeong Shin, Liqiang Wang, et al. (2025). Flexoelectric manipulation of ferroelectric polarization in self-strained tellurium . Science Advances.

Irum Firdous, Yan Yan, Xiongyi Liang, Liqiang Wang, Yuxuan Zhang, Jiaming Zhou, Weijun Wang, Zhibo Zhang, Yu Zhou, Zhengxun Lai, et al. (2025). Flexoelectric manipulation of ferroelectric polarization in self-strained tellurium . Science Advances.

Real-time evaluation of charge transfer patterns at buried ionotronic interfaces @article{b376033234294309b11c761cdab0ac9e, title = "Real-time evaluation of charge transfer patterns at buried ionotronic interfaces", abstract = "Bionic and triboelectrification based ionotronics - an emerging field that bridges ions and electrons at an insulating-metallic interface - form an electric double layer (EDL), which determines charge desolation, deposition, and transfer patterns. Therefore, mechanistic evaluation of the EDL is imperative. However, the EDL forms at a unidirectional buried interface below the insulating layer, which impedes its real-time monitoring via electrochemical methods, probe microscopy, and spectral excitation. This study for the first time evaluates the EDL of ionotronics using in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in conjunction with triboelectrification perturbation as an alternative to the dynamic reversible carriers of a conventional electrochemical cell. The charge dynamics at the insulating-metallic interface are elucidated through four patterns of charge transfer, charge recombination due to electrode-initiated polarity, precipitation of oppositely charged ions at the EDL, and hindered diffusion of delocalized charge. These patterns help explore neuromorphic interfaces, noise-cancellation and the intricate EDL of miniaturized robots, and enhance power sensitivity and longevity of self-powered sensors. The approach used in this work can be utilized to study a variety of buried interfaces. {\textcopyright} 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.", author = "Irum Firdous and Muhammad Fahim and Ruoxuan Ye and {Chun Lo}, {Johnny Sik} and {Ki Lin}, {Carol Sze} and Daoud, {Walid A.}", year = "2025", month = jul, day = "28", doi = "10.1039/d5ta01326g", language = "English", volume = "13", pages = "22718--22729", journal = "Journal of Materials Chemistry A", issn = "2050-7488", publisher = "Royal Society of Chemistry", number = "28", } . Journal of Materials Chemistry A.

Cascade Bridge Interfacial Design for Stable and Sustainable Flexible Perovskite Solar Cell @article{3e38eb61c073435f80eb9a5418ef1c5f, title = "Cascade Bridge Interfacial Design for Stable and Sustainable Flexible Perovskite Solar Cell", abstract = "Constructing an interlayer between perovskite and zinc oxide (ZnO) electron transporting layer to passivate the implacable interfacial defects for upgrading the efficiency and stability of flexible perovskite solar cells (f-PSC) is a daunting challenge and remains under explored. Herein, we present a cascade bridge interlayer strategy of zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) at the ZnO/perovskite interface. The ZIF-8 interlayer uplifts the work function, creating a cascade pathway and bridges through nitrogen bonding with Pb2+ ions of perovskite, thereby facilitating electron transport and reducing interfacial charge recombination. Consequently, the ZnO surface defects are passivated by alleviating the OH‒ species, and thus the device stability is significantly improved. The f-PSC with ZIF-8 interlayer delivers a stable conversion efficiency of 17.10% with minimal hysteresis. By utilizing the piezo-phototronic effect and subjecting the f-PSC to a tensile strain of 1.6%, a stable efficiency of 18.47% was achieved, representing one of the highest reported efficiencies for ZnO nanorods-based f-PSC. Furthermore, the ZnO‒ZIF-8 exhibits high adsorption capacity toward lead and traps the mobile Pb2+ ions at the ZnO/perovskite interface, preventing the negative impact of lead leaching on environmental sustainability. {\textcopyright} 2025 The Author(s).", keywords = "cascade bridge interlayer, lead-leakage control, piezo-phototronic effect, zeolitic imidazole framework-8, zinc oxide", author = "Muhammad Fahim and Irum Firdous and Walid Daoud", year = "2025", month = jun, doi = "10.1002/sus2.70016", language = "English", volume = "5", journal = "SusMat", issn = "2766-8479", publisher = "John Wiley & Sons", number = "3", } . SusMat.

Fabrication of multilayer superhydrophobic and biodegradable filters through electrospinning and electrospraying of PHA-SiO2 biopolymer composites @article{40a1d402d66d4aaf95e95a2aa3922b9c, title = "Fabrication of multilayer superhydrophobic and biodegradable filters through electrospinning and electrospraying of PHA-SiO2 biopolymer composites", abstract = "The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically increased the global demand for personal protective equipment (PPE), which is predominantly composed of non-biodegradable materials. Improper disposal of PPE leads to long-term environmental persistence and substantial ecological risks. This urgent situation highlights the need to study sustainable alternatives such as biodegradable materials with enhanced water resistance. In this study, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), specifically poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx), were subjected to electrospinning and electrospraying and incorporated with silica nanoparticles (NPs) to develop multi-layer filtration membranes with enhanced hydrophobic properties for PPE applications. The solubility of PHAs in different solvents was analysed, revealing that PHBV in formic acid produced defect-free nanofibers with a diameter of 106 nm, suitable for filtration membranes, while PHBHHx in dimethylformamide formed beaded nanofibers appropriate for hydrophobic membranes. The incorporation of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or organosilane fumed silica NPs increased surface roughness and promoted the formation of a secondary hierarchical structure, achieving a water contact angle of 153° and roll-off angle under 3°. A dual-layer filter design integrating both filtration and hydrophobic membranes was optimised for PPE applications, achieving a high filtration efficiency of 95 %, differential pressure of 4.98 mm H2O cm−2, and water contact angle of 149.7°. Biodegradation studies demonstrated that the PHA bilayer filters degraded by up to 73 % in a marine environment within 600 h, highlighting their potential for environmentally friendly applications. {\textcopyright} 2025 Elsevier B.V.", keywords = "Electrospinning, Electrospraying, Hydrophobic membranes, Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), Silica nanoparticles", author = "Lo, {Johnny Sik Chun} and Xu Chen and Siru Chen and Daoud, {Walid A.} and Tso, {Chi Yan} and Irum Firdous and Deka, {Bhaskar Jyoti} and Lin, {Carol Sze Ki}", year = "2025", month = may, day = "15", doi = "10.1016/j.cej.2025.162466", language = "English", volume = "512", journal = "Chemical Engineering Journal", issn = "1385-8947", publisher = "Elsevier B.V.", } . Chemical Engineering Journal.

An omnidirectional triboelectric wave energy harvester driven by an automatic watch-inspired oscillating weight @article{e30dde7925b04c08b61ce08ef3f1fcdf, title = "An omnidirectional triboelectric wave energy harvester driven by an automatic watch-inspired oscillating weight", abstract = "Approximately 70% of Earth's surface is covered by a continuously moving body of water. Ocean waves are a vastly underutilized sustainable energy resource with an estimated annual power reserve of 3 TW. In this study, a floating rotating mass type wave energy converter is designed and built to harvest kinetic energy from omnidirectional, low to high frequency ocean waves without requiring a mooring system connecting it to the seabed. The wave energy converter comprises an oscillating weight inspired by automatic watches, interconnected with bidirectionally moving rotational triboelectric nanogenerators. The oscillating weight rotates similarly to an automatic watch's oscillating weight and its design is optimized by multibody dynamics simulation. Under a 2 Hz water wave and 5 GΩ matched resistance, a single 10 cm diameter device produces a peak power output of 200 μW and a power density of 304.4 mW m−3. Numerical and experimental work has been conducted to develop the wave energy converter, offering a new device architecture that is simple to build and scale up, paving the way for efficient harvesting of ocean energy. {\textcopyright} The Royal Society of Chemistry 2025.", author = "Almardi, {Jasim M.} and Xiangkun Bo and Jihong Shi and Weilu Li and Fei Liu and Irum Firdous and Daoud, {Walid A.}", year = "2025", month = mar, day = "28", doi = "10.1039/d4ta07494g", language = "English", volume = "13", pages = "8435--8444", journal = "Journal of Materials Chemistry A", issn = "2050-7488", publisher = "Royal Society of Chemistry", number = "12", } . Journal of Materials Chemistry A.

Drone rotational triboelectric nanogenerator for supplemental power generation and RPM sensing @article{4cf04cd420c54ca48eaa674e63eff252, title = "Drone rotational triboelectric nanogenerator for supplemental power generation and RPM sensing", abstract = "The global drone market is a multibillion-dollar industry that is experiencing rapid growth. While drones are commonly used for aerial photography, videography, surveying, search and rescue operations, most consumer and enterprise drones have limited onboard electronics other than what is required for basic flight operation. Such limitation is due to payload constraints, where more onboard electronics would require a larger battery pack, which increases the total payload and leads to higher energy consumption. To overcome this, a drone rotational triboelectric nanogenerator is developed comprising four units connected to the propellers{\textquoteright} motors of a quadcopter drone to capture and recycle the kinetic energy of the motors{\textquoteright} rotational energy for use as a supplemental power supply for onboard electronics. In this work, we report a drone rotational triboelectric nanogenerator that achieves a high surface power density of 3.24 W/m2, charges capacitors, and operates as a self-powered RPM sensor. {\textcopyright} 2024 Elsevier Ltd.", keywords = "Drone energy harvesting, Triboelectric nanogenerator, Kinetic energy recycling, Rotational harvester, RPM sensor", author = "Almardi, {Jasim M.} and Xiangkun Bo and Jihong Shi and Irum Firdous and Walid Daoud", year = "2025", month = mar, doi = "10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110614", language = "English", volume = "135", journal = "Nano Energy", issn = "2211-2855", publisher = "Elsevier B.V.", } . Nano Energy.

Fabrication of biodegradable PLA-PHBV medical textiles via electrospinning for healthcare apparel and personal protective equipment @article{8f35c8d94c9d4cd78c56d86ef6371493, title = "Fabrication of biodegradable PLA-PHBV medical textiles via electrospinning for healthcare apparel and personal protective equipment", abstract = "The demand for environmentally friendly personal protective equipment (PPE) is high due to the coronavirus pandemic. However, conventional electrostatic-based surgical masks and healthcare apparel are single-use, non-biodegradable and often end up as mismanaged waste. Therefore, development of sustainable and biodegradable non-woven textiles is essential. The present work has demonstrated a novel sustainable approach for the fabrication of medical textiles for surgical mask from a substitute of food waste derived polymers polylactic acid (PLA) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) via electrospinning process. A polymer concentration of 12.5 % comprising an equal proportion of PLA and PHBV in formic acid resulted in stable electrospinning and defect-free nanofibers with a mean diameter of 323 ± 76 nm. A dual-layer nanofiber membrane was able to achieve filtration efficiencies of over 99.5% and over 96.2% for 1–5 μm and 0.3 μm particulates, respectively, while maintaining high breathability with differential pressure less than 5 mm H2O/cm2. The fabricated nanofibrous membrane attributed the necessary characterizations as per the ASTM-F2100 standard. Importantly, nanofiber membrane with an equal proportion of PLA and PHBV has the best overall biodegradation performance. Degradation was significant within 4 weeks in both composting and marine conditions, achieving over 99% and 90% degradation respectively. {\textcopyright} 2024 Elsevier B.V.", keywords = "Biodegradable, Biowaste utilization, Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), Polylactic acid", author = "Lo, {Johnny Sik Chun} and Xu Chen and Siru Chen and Yahui Miao and Daoud, {Walid A.} and Tso, {Chi Yan} and Irum Firdous and Deka, {Bhaskar Jyoti} and Lin, {Carol Sze Ki}", year = "2024", month = jun, doi = "10.1016/j.scp.2024.101536", language = "English", volume = "39", journal = "Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy", issn = "2352-5541", publisher = "Elsevier B.V.", } . Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy.

Electrostatically triggered autonomous self-healable and mechanically robust hydrogel in harsh environments for wearable electronics @article{4fe2de7c64254c8f93cf334d8c8ec796, title = "Electrostatically triggered autonomous self-healable and mechanically robust hydrogel in harsh environments for wearable electronics", abstract = "The expeditious growth of self-healable multifunctional electronics poses a challenge on power devices to acquire fast autonomous self-healing of solids with efficient electrical recovery. However, realizing this goal remains elusive due to the sluggish dynamics of bonded ions. Herein, we overcome this limitation by introducing hydrogen bonding cluster and non-bonding electrostatic centers in solids to accelerate ion dynamics via more delocalization centers that can switch healing reformations at various physical states. As such, the matrix can retain fast autonomous self-healing characteristics in dry, aqueous, and freezing states via diffusion-less self-healing mechanism. The self-healable hydrogel renders a triboelectric nanogenerator on contact with skin with a power density of 11.1 W m–2 at a matching impedance as low as 9 MΩ, retaining 7.28 W m–2 in aqueous and 7.04 W m–2 freezing states, which outperforms all the reported self-healable induction devices. This diffusion-less approach of intrinsic switchable interaction is promising for robotics, sportswear, all weather prosthetics, cryogenics, and harsh weather power back-up applications. {\textcopyright} 2023 Elsevier Ltd", keywords = "Autonomous self-healable hydrogel, Environment invariable device, Stretchable hydrogel, Transparent conductive electrode, Wearable triboelectric nanogenerator", author = "Irum Firdous and Muhammad Fahim and Faheem Mushtaq and Daoud, {Walid A.}", year = "2023", month = nov, doi = "10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108817", language = "English", volume = "116", journal = "Nano Energy", issn = "2211-2855", publisher = "Elsevier B.V.", } . Nano Energy.

Irum Firdous, Muhammad Fahim, Faheem Mushtaq, Walid A. Daoud (2023). Electrostatically triggered autonomous self-healable and mechanically robust hydrogel in harsh environments for wearable electronics . Nano Energy.

High power-output and highly stretchable protein-based biomechanical energy harvester @article{636441c07bbf43b9aa4cca92f20ef484, title = "High power-output and highly stretchable protein-based biomechanical energy harvester", abstract = "To meet the rising demand for wearable electronics with high power demand, biomechanical energy harvester based on stretchable materials with high triboelectric charge densities are required. Soy protein (SP) represents a prospective tribopositive material; however, its application is limited due to its brittle nature. Herein, we report the doping of SP with hygroscopic CaCl2 to afford a tribolayer film with improved tribopositivity and stretchability, where Ca2+ disperses evenly in SP via electrostatic interactions. The water molecules adsorbed by CaCl2 form hydrogen bonds with SP chains and improve the charge-donating ability. The optimal SP–CaCl2-0.30 film with CaCl2-doping concentration of 0.30 mmol exhibits high resilience (elongation at break: 130 %) compared with the pristine SP film (elongation at break: 4 %). The device based on SP–CaCl2-0.30 as the positive tribolayer and Ecoflex as counterpart yields open circuit voltage, short circuit current, and short-circuit transferred charge of 130 V, 4.4 µA, and 44 nC, respectively. When the load resistance matches the device's internal resistance, the peak transient power reaches 1125 mW/m2. Moreover, the device output is maintained even after 5000 of stretch and release cycles, and the harvested charge from the bending and release motions of the finger and elbow reach 3.5 nC and 40 nC, respectively. This study demonstrates a prospective approach toward protein-based energy harvesting with high stretchability and electrical output, showing significant potential for application in wearable electronics for biomechanical energy harvesting and relative humidity monitoring.", keywords = "Energy harvesting, Positive tribolayer, Stretchable soy protein film, Water retention", author = "Xiangkun Bo and Uyanga, {Kindness A.} and Lingyun Wang and Irum Firdous and Jihong Shi and Weilu Li and Almardi, {Jasim M.} and Muhammad Fahim and Fei Liu and Huanlin Lyu and Daoud, {Walid A.}", year = "2023", month = jan, day = "1", doi = "10.1016/j.cej.2022.138714", language = "English", volume = "451", journal = "Chemical Engineering Journal", issn = "1385-8947", publisher = "Elsevier B.V.", number = "Part 3", } . Chemical Engineering Journal.

Dynamic quantification of the overall effect of dielectric polarization @article{7011c7953e8f42d095991084d712dbcf, title = "Dynamic quantification of the overall effect of dielectric polarization", abstract = "Due to the significance and universality of dielectric polarization, a quantitative assessment of this phenomenon is crucial for the sake of whether to avoid or exploit it. While triboelectrification and electrostatic induction have a direct relationship with dielectric polarization, there has been no prior work on bridging triboelectrification and dielectric polarization. To investigate the dielectric polarization effect, a dielectric-adjustable nanogenerator is built and the interplay of dielectric constant, electrical output, and surface charge is thoroughly investigated. After confirming the occurrence of self-polarization and polarization reversal during device operation, the surface charge accumulation and decay times are studied to understand the impact of dielectric polarization on prolonging the charge decay time and shortening the charge accumulation time, which are responsible for the device electrical output. Consequently, the feasibility of using the dynamic behavior of surface charge to quantify dielectric polarization is systematically studied. {\textcopyright} 2022 Elsevier Ltd", keywords = "Dielectric polarization, Quantitative assessment, Surface charge behavior, Triboelectrification, Universal applicability", author = "Jihong Shi and Kelong Ao and Irum Firdous and Xiangyang Zhang and Muhammad Fahim and Lingyun Wang and Daoud, {Walid A.}", year = "2023", month = jan, doi = "10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.108029", language = "English", volume = "105", journal = "Nano Energy", issn = "2211-2855", publisher = "Elsevier B.V.", } . Nano Energy.

Optimization of polylactic acid-based medical textiles via electrospinning for healthcare apparel and personal protective equipment @article{bc9c2f1fc8d8430bba02ecd1e5b2ca4b, title = "Optimization of polylactic acid-based medical textiles via electrospinning for healthcare apparel and personal protective equipment", abstract = "Development of sustainable and eco-friendly non-woven textiles is essential to produce environmentally benign personal protective equipment (PPE) for reduction of risk in transmission and infection of bacteria and virus. This study demonstrates about the fabrication of medical textile from polylactic acid (PLA) biopolymer via electrospinning process. Solvent systems from single to binary in different ratios and the operational parameters of electrospinning, i.e. voltage, solution flow rate and distance to collector, were studied to investigate the influence on nanofiber morphology, diameter and electrospinnability. Effects of substrates and electrospinning techniques such as multi-spinneret and wire spinneret were further investigated for scale-up textile production. Thermal properties were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Viscosity and conductivity of polymer solutions were measured. Nanofiber morphology and diameter were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that binary-solvents DMF/acetone (4:6 v/v) and DMAc/acetone (2:8 v/v) gave finest defect-free fibers and electrospinnability. Polymer concentration of 10–12.5% w/v resulted in defect-free nanofibers. Electrospinning parameters were optimum at a voltage of 25 KV, collector distance of 250 mm and flow rate of 1 mL/h. Optimization of solvents and electrospinning parameters improved mean fiber diameter from 929 ± 670 nm to 315 ± 246 nm. In summary, DMF/acetone solvent system was considered the optimized candidate for PLA electrospinning, effective on non-woven substrates and achieved high nanofiber textile productivity of 180 cm2/min with needleless wire spinneret system. The nanofiber textile has high sub-micron particulate filtration efficiency of 80% and 95% with single and dual layers respectively.", keywords = "Biowaste utilization, Electrospinning, Nanofibers, Polylactic acid", author = "Lo, {Johnny Sik Chun} and Walid Daoud and Tso, {Chi Yan} and Lee, {Hau Him} and Irum Firdous and Deka, {Bhaskar Jyoti} and Lin, {Carol Sze Ki}", year = "2022", month = dec, doi = "10.1016/j.scp.2022.100891", language = "English", volume = "30", journal = "Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy", issn = "2352-5541", publisher = "Elsevier B.V.", } . Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy.

Engineering intrinsic flexibility in polycrystalline perovskite film by grain boundary stitching for high mechanical endurance @article{b82607370d9c4429bc3a62b93c49e69e, title = "Engineering intrinsic flexibility in polycrystalline perovskite film by grain boundary stitching for high mechanical endurance", abstract = "A metal halide perovskite (MHP) thin film processed at low temperature is uniquely suited for flexible perovskite solar cells owing to its characteristic low formation energies. However, the intrinsic brittleness (low toughness) of MHP crystals restrict the mechanical endurance, particularly in polycrystalline MHP films enriched with grain boundaries (GBs). To address this issue, a mechanically flexible film of highly crystalline MHP is achieved via a novel soft stitching strategy of GBs, in which a multifunctional sticky elastomer (s-ELA) is used to connect the rigid crystallite grains. The s-ELA also acts as a scaffold in the MHP crystallization process, thereby passivating the structural defects at GBs and improving charge transport properties. This soft-rigid structural design endows excellent mechanical endurance and preserves the morphology after 10,000 deformation cycles of bending at radii as small as 2 mm and stretching of 20%. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity of the s-ELA protects against ingress of moisture and oxygen. The soft-rigid device design represents a new approach towards wearable MHP films with good mechanical endurance, charge transport properties and environmental stability.", keywords = "Fracture-free morphology, Grain boundary passivation, High mechanical endurance, Reinforced perovskite grains, Soft-rigid structure", author = "Muhammad Fahim and Irum Firdous and Sai-Wing Tsang and Daoud, {Walid A.}", year = "2022", month = jun, day = "1", doi = "10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107058", language = "English", volume = "96", journal = "Nano Energy", issn = "2211-2855", publisher = "Elsevier B.V.", } . Nano Energy.

Boosting current output of triboelectric nanogenerator by two orders of magnitude via hindering interfacial charge recombination @article{5e45786be7cf44d9b3c37a5245b6c374, title = "Boosting current output of triboelectric nanogenerator by two orders of magnitude via hindering interfacial charge recombination", abstract = "The performance of triboelectric nanogenerator is limited by interfacial charge losses due to alternate charge transfer. This is usually suppressed by addition of electron blocking, electron transporting layers or through external excitation. However, these approaches screen only electrons from the interface while the unstable positive charges remain. Herein, we report a stable tribopositive layer with an overall positive surface and embedded magnetic active negative centers for stabilizing positive charges to prevent cation recombination with anion of counterpart. Besides, a counterpart with high electron delocalization density is used for screening interfacial negative charges, leading to enhanced charge accumulation of 11 nC with short circuit current of 0.8 µA, increasing to 54 nC and 17.4 µA by staking 4 units of 2.25 cm2 device in alternate layered structure, with an enhancement rate of 15.1 nC and 5.6 µA per unit. Further, the embedded negative centers in response to magnetic field form skewed charge transporting channels, causing homogeneous distribution of potential on the tribopositive layer, effectively transporting charges to electrode via hindering bulk losses. The single unit shows 15,900% enhancement reaching 4.8 µA, 208 µC m−2 and 1.66 W m−2 and demonstrating the highest enhancement capacity compared to previously reported strategies and thus a promising potential for wearable electronics with high power demand.", keywords = "Bulk losses, Interfacial current losses, Negative transporting channels, Positive charge screening, Triboelectric nanogenerator", author = "Irum Firdous and Muhammad Fahim and Lingyun Wang and Li, {Wen Jung} and Yunlong Zi and Daoud, {Walid A.}", year = "2021", month = nov, doi = "10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106315", language = "English", volume = "89", journal = "Nano Energy", issn = "2211-2855", publisher = "Elsevier B.V.", number = "Part A", } . Nano Energy.

Bifunctional interfacial engineering for piezo-phototronic enhanced photovoltaic performance of wearable perovskite solar cells @article{a9912165d0e449dcace2f71667a5d716, title = "Bifunctional interfacial engineering for piezo-phototronic enhanced photovoltaic performance of wearable perovskite solar cells", abstract = "The piezo-phototronic effect can effectively modulate the energy band structure at the interface of p-n or metal-semiconductor junction, manipulating the separation, transport, and recombination of photoinduced charges. While zinc oxide (ZnO) is a good electron transporting layer (ETL), its Lewis's basic nature and presence of surface defects lead to deprotonation of perovskite, resulting in severe degradation of perovskite solar cells (PSC). Herein, the ZnO surface is converted to ZnS, which acts as a bifunctional interfacial layer, passivating the ZnO/perovskite interface by reducing the hydroxyl (‒OH) group on the ZnO surface for improved stability and forming strong coordination with Pb2+ of perovskite (Zn-S-Pb pathway) and thus adjusting the energy level for efficient electron transport. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the flexible PSC is remarkably improved from 12.94% to 14.68% under static external strain of 1.5%, ascribed to the strain-induced piezo-polarization charges, which modulate the energy band structure of ZnS/ZnO and ZnS/perovskite interfaces. As a result, spatial separation of photoinduced carriers is facilitated, reducing recombination probability. The energy band diagram is proposed to elucidate the mechanism. This strategy enables effective utilization of the piezo-phototronic effect while enhancing device stability.", keywords = "Bifunctional interlayer, Energy band alignment, Interface passivation, Piezo-phototronic effect", author = "Muhammad Fahim and Irum Firdous and Weihai Zhang and Daoud, {Walid A.}", year = "2021", month = aug, doi = "10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106127", language = "English", volume = "86", journal = "Nano Energy", issn = "2211-2855", publisher = "Elsevier B.V.", } . Nano Energy.

Performance enhancement of triboelectric nanogenerator through hole and electron blocking layers-based interfacial design @article{0a9366a43f8b497696e8ecbfecb14d64, title = "Performance enhancement of triboelectric nanogenerator through hole and electron blocking layers-based interfacial design", abstract = "Enhancing negative charge retention sites on a contact surface is a key parameter to boost the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators. However, the unstable positive charge on the other contact surface can also be transferred as all surfaces have both charge donating and accepting regions. To prevent alternate charge transfer and charge recombination, PVDF is doped with phytate ion cluster as the tribopositive layer to trap positive charges through the formation of 18 hydrogen bonds or chelation through mono, di and trivalent cations of the 12 reactive phosphate groups, resulting in a 9.3-fold increase in current density. Moreover, the tribonegative layer is optimized with deeper trap states and more localization of negative charge (i.e. PDMS), which keeps tribocharges for longer duration of 5.5 h and results in a further 32-fold increase in current density to 4.4 mA m−2. With the intrinsic charge trap enhancement, the device possesses high mechanical stability and durability, where the output performance remains intact after 16 month storage, due to the excellent compatibility of PVDF with phytate. Moreover, when four units of the device are stacked in parallel alternate layered form, an increase in output current from 1.1 µA to 20.9 µA with power density 0.80 W m−2 was obtained, displaying potential of the device design for powering high demand wearable electronics.", keywords = "Contacting layers, Phytate ion cluster, Positive charge traps, Tribopositive layer", author = "Irum Firdous and Muhammad Fahim and Daoud, {Walid A.}", year = "2021", month = apr, doi = "10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105694", language = "English", volume = "82", journal = "Nano Energy", issn = "2211-2855", publisher = "Elsevier B.V.", } . Nano Energy.

Firdous, I., Fahim, M., Wang, L., Li, W.J., Zi, Y., Daoud, W.A., Firdous, I., Fahim, M., Wang, L., Li, W.J., et al.(2021). Boosting current output of triboelectric nanogenerator by two orders of magnitude via hindering interfacial charge recombination . Nano Energy. 89.

Fahim, M., Firdous, I., Zhang, W., Daoud, W.A.(2021). Bifunctional interfacial engineering for piezo-phototronic enhanced photovoltaic performance of wearable perovskite solar cells . Nano Energy. 86.

Firdous, I., Fahim, M., Daoud, W.A.(2021). Performance enhancement of triboelectric nanogenerator through hole and electron blocking layers-based interfacial design . Nano Energy. 82.

A two-dimensional model of the vanadium–cerium redox flow battery @article{30f2b9d616e546ee8726324815731b48, title = "A two-dimensional model of the vanadium–cerium redox flow battery", abstract = "Redox flow batteries (RFB) provide efficient storage of renewable energy facilitating sustainable energy supply. Among various RFB, the vanadium cerium battery is distinguished with large storage potential and without phase transition during the redox reactions. Herein, a two-dimensional model of a slice of the cell in a vanadium cerium redox flow battery is developed for the first time. Electrochemical characterization of both the V(II)/V(III) and Ce(III)/Ce(IV) electrochemical systems in mixed acid media is conducted to obtain the key parameters of the model. The data obtained from the simulations is then validated against the results of real flow battery experiments exhibiting a good agreement. With the perspective of state-of-the-art design in RFB system management for future large-scale systems, state of charge deviation and flow efficiency, are introduced as innovative measures of lifetime and energy density of the battery. The illustrated effect of several parameters involved in the proposed model provides direction toward optimum design of RFB systems.", keywords = "Cerium, Flow battery, Simulation, Vanadium", author = "Scott Smith and Irum Firdous and Qiuhong Wang and Salve Esmalla and Daoud, {Walid A.}", year = "2019", month = dec, day = "20", doi = "10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135019", language = "English", volume = "328", journal = "Electrochimica Acta", issn = "0013-4686", publisher = "Elsevier Ltd.", } . Electrochimica Acta.

Smith, S., Firdous, I., Wang, Q., Esmalla, S., Daoud, W.A., Smith, S., Firdous, I., Wang, Q., Esmalla, S., Daoud, W.A.(2019). A two-dimensional model of the vanadium–cerium redox flow battery . Electrochimica Acta. 328.

Bilal, S., Fahim, M., Firdous, I., Ali Shah, A.-U.-H., Bilal, S., Fahim, M., Firdous, I., Ali Shah, A.-U.-H.(2018). Insight into capacitive performance of polyaniline/graphene oxide composites with ecofriendly binder . Applied Surface Science. 435. p. 91-101.

Shah, A.-U.-H.A., Firdous, I., Khattak, Z., Arif, M., Fahim, M., Bilal, S., Shah, A.-U.-H.A., Firdous, I., Khattak, Z., Arif, M., et al.(2017). Efficient glucose oxidation on polyaniline film by Escherichia coli with neutral red mediator . Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan. 39. (5). p. 820-826.

PREPRINT

Irum Firdous, Huanfeng HE, Xin LI, Muhammad Fahim, Sai LIU, Tsz Chung Ho, Chi Yan Tso (2026). Halogen Engineering of 2D Thermochromic Perovskites: Decoupling Optical Modulation and Transition Temperature for Energy-Saving Smart Windows .

CONFERENCE PAPER

Fabrication of Food Waste-derived Biodegradable Medical Textiles via Electrospinning and Electrospraying for Healthcare Apparel and Personal Protective Equipment @conference{7e126bc10bf84f48b0921dbcd505475e, title = "Fabrication of Food Waste-derived Biodegradable Medical Textiles via Electrospinning and Electrospraying for Healthcare Apparel and Personal Protective Equipment", keywords = "Biowaste utilization, Electrospinning, Electrospraying, Polylactic acid, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)", author = "J.S.C. Lo and W. Daoud and C.Y. Tso and H.H. Lee and I. Firdous and B.J. Deka and C.S.K. Lin", note = "Information for this record is supplemented by the author(s) concerned.; International Conference on Solid Waste 2023 (ICSWHK2023): Waste Management in Circular Economy and Climate Resilience ; Conference date: 31-05-2023 Through 03-06-2023", year = "2023", month = may, language = "English", pages = "169", url = "https://icswhk.hkbu.edu.hk/", } . International Conference on Solid Waste 2023 (ICSWHK2023): Waste Management in Circular Economy and Climate Resilience, Hong Kong, China, 31/05/23.

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION

Food Waste-derived Medical Textiles via Electrospinning for Healthcare Apparel and Personal Protective Equipment @conference{4499fec12642409497240f98cdbe6bd3, title = "Food Waste-derived Medical Textiles via Electrospinning for Healthcare Apparel and Personal Protective Equipment", abstract = "Development of sustainable and eco-friendly non-woven textiles is essential to produce environmentally friendly personal protective equipment (PPE) for reduction of risk in transmission and infection of bacteria and virus This paper will demonstrate fabrication of medical textile from a substitute of food waste derived Polylactic Acid (PLA) via electrospinning process. Solvent systems from single and binary solvents in different ratios and electrospinning parameters, i.e. voltage, solution flow rate and distance to collector were studied to investigate the influence on nanofiber morphology, diameter and electrospinnability. Effects of substrates and electrospinning techniques such as multi-spinneret and wire spinneret electrospinning were further investigated for scale-up textile production. Thermal properties were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Viscosity and conductivity of polymer solutions were measured. Nanofiber morphology and diameter were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed binary-solvents DMF/acetone (4:6 v/v) and DMAc/acetone (2:8 v/v) gave finest defect-free fibers and electrospinnability. Polymer concentration of 10-12.5% w/v resulted in defect-free nanofibers. Electrospinning parameters were optimum at a voltage of 25KV, collector distance of 250 mm and flow rate of 1mL/hr. Electrospinnability of the dope solution on substrates was also investigated. Although the morphology was unaffected but increase in nanofiber diameter was observed with decrease in conductivity. In summary, DMF/ acetone solvent system was considered as optimized candidate for PLA electrospinning, effective on non-woven substrates and high textile productivity with both multi-spinneret and wire spinneret systems.", keywords = "Biowaste utilization, polylactic acid, electrospinning", author = "Lo, {Johnny Sik Chun} and Chao, {Christopher Yu Huang} and Chopra, {Shauhrat Singh} and Walid Daoud and Shao-yuan Leu and Zhi Ning and Tso, {Chi Yan} and Chan, {Chak Keung} and Shixing Tang and Lee, {Hau Him} and Irum Firdous and Deka, {Bhaskar Jyoti} and Lin, {Carol Sze Ki}", year = "2022", month = jun, language = "English", note = "9th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management (CORFU 2022) ; Conference date: 15-06-2022 Through 18-06-2022", url = "https://corfu2022.uest.gr/index.php/en/, https://corfu2022.uest.gr/proceedings.html", } . 9th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management (CORFU 2022), Corfu, Greece, 15/06/22.