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Hire Dr. Deborah S.
United States
USD 300 /hr
Virologist, virus-host interactions, pathogenesis, vaccines, antivirals - Herpesviruses, HIV, Zika, COVID - 40+years exp
Profile Summary
Subject Matter Expertise
Services
Research
Market Research,
User Research,
Meta-Research,
Fact Checking,
Gap Analysis,
Gray Literature Search,
Systematic Literature Review
Consulting
Scientific and Technical Consulting
Data & AI
Statistical Analysis
Work Experience
Professor
University of California San Diego
July 1978 - Present 
Postdoctoral Researcher
University of California San Francisco
July 1975 - June 1978
Education
Ph.D. (Biology)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
July 1971 - June 1975
B.A. (Biology)
Smith College
September 1967 - May 1971
Certifications
- Certification details not provided.
Publications
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alex E. Clark, Zhe Zhu, Florian Krach, Jeremy N. Rich, Gene W. Yeo, Deborah H. Spector, Julie K. Pfeiffer(2021). Zika Virus Is Transmitted in Neural Progenitor Cells via Cell-to-Cell Spread, and Infection Is Inhibited by the Autophagy Inducer Trehalose . Journal of Virology. 95. (5). American Society for Microbiology
David I. Bernstein, Christopher S. Morello, Rhonda D. Cardin, Fernando J. Bravo, Kimberly A. Kraynyak, Deborah H. Spector(2020). A vaccine containing highly purified virus particles in adjuvant provides high level protection against genital infection and disease in guinea pigs challenged intravaginally with homologous and heterologous strains of herpes simplex virus type 2 . Vaccine. 38. (1). p. 79--89. Elsevier {BV}
(2018). Human Cytomegalovirus Replication Is Inhibited by the Autophagy-Inducing Compounds Trehalose and SMER28 through Distinctively Different Mechanisms. Journal of Virology.
(2016). RNA-binding protein CPEB1 remodels host and viral RNA landscapes. Nat Struct Mol Biol.
Jean-Philippe Belzile, Maite Sabalza, Megan Craig, Elizabeth Clark, Christopher S. Morello, Deborah H. Spector, R. M. Sandri-Goldin(2015). Trehalose, an mTOR-Independent Inducer of Autophagy, Inhibits Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in Multiple Cell Types . J. Virol. 90. (3). p. 1259--1277. American Society for Microbiology
Elizabeth Clark, Deborah H. Spector, K. Frueh(2015). Studies on the Contribution of Human Cytomegalovirus UL21a and UL97 to Viral Growth and Inactivation of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Reveal a Unique Cellular Mechanism for Downmodulation of the APC/C Subunits APC1, APC4, and APC5 . Journal of Virology. 89. (13). p. 6928--6939. American Society for Microbiology
Deborah H. Spector(2015). Human cytomegalovirus riding the cell cycle . Med Microbiol Immunol. 204. (3). p. 409--419. Springer Science $\mathplus$ Business Media
Spector, D.H.(2015). Human cytomegalovirus riding the cell cycle . Medical Microbiology and Immunology. 204. (3). p. 409-419.
D. H. Spector(2014). IUGR and Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection . Journal of Infectious Diseases. 209. (10). p. 1497--1499. Oxford University Press ({OUP})
J.-P. Belzile, T. J. Stark, G. W. Yeo, D. H. Spector(2014). Human Cytomegalovirus Infection of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Primitive Neural Stem Cells Is Restricted at Several Steps but Leads to the Persistence of Viral DNA . Journal of Virology. 88. (8). p. 4021--4039. American Society for Microbiology
Spector, D.H.(2014). IUGR and congenital cytomegalovirus infection . Journal of Infectious Diseases. 209. (10). p. 1497-1499.
Shibata, N., Carlin, A.F., Spann, N.J., Saijo, K., Morello, C.S., McDonald, J.G., Romanoski, C.E., Maurya, M.R., Kaikkonen, M.U., Lam, M.T., et al.(2013). 25-Hydroxycholesterol activates the integrated stress response to reprogram transcription and translation in macrophages . Journal of Biological Chemistry. 288. (50). p. 35812-35823.
J. B. DuRose, J. Li, S. Chien, D. H. Spector(2012). Infection of Vascular Endothelial Cells with Human Cytomegalovirus under Fluid Shear Stress Reveals Preferential Entry and Spread of Virus in Flow Conditions Simulating Atheroprone Regions of the Artery . Journal of Virology. 86. (24). p. 13745--13755. American Society for Microbiology
Christopher S. Morello, Kimberly A. Kraynyak, Michael S. Levinson, Zhijiang Chen, Kuo-Fen Lee, Deborah H. Spector(2012). Inactivated HSV-2 in MPL/alum adjuvant provides nearly complete protection against genital infection and shedding following long term challenge and rechallenge . Vaccine. 30. (46). p. 6541--6550. Elsevier {BV}
Morello, C.S., Kraynyak, K.A., Levinson, M.S., Chen, Z., Lee, K.-F., Spector, D.H.(2012). Inactivated HSV-2 in MPL/alum adjuvant provides nearly complete protection against genital infection and shedding following long term challenge and rechallenge . Vaccine. 30. (46). p. 6541-6550.
Strang, B.L., Bender, B.J., Sharma, M., Pesola, J.M., Sanders, R.L., Spector, D.H., Coen, D.M.(2012). A mutation deleting sequences encoding the amino terminus of human cytomegalovirus UL84 Impairs interaction with UL44 and capsid localization . Journal of Virology. 86. (20). p. 11066-11077.
Steininger, C., Widhopf II, G.F., Ghia, E.M., Morello, C.S., Vanura, K., Sanders, R., Spector, D., Guiney, D., Jäger, U., Kipps, T.J.(2012). Recombinant antibodies encoded by IGHV1-69 react with pUL32, a phosphoprotein of cytomegalovirus and B-cell superantigen . Blood. 119. (10). p. 2293-2301.
T. J. Stark, J. D. Arnold, D. H. Spector, G. W. Yeo(2011). High-Resolution Profiling and Analysis of Viral and Host Small RNAs during Human Cytomegalovirus Infection . Journal of Virology. 86. (1). p. 226--235. American Society for Microbiology
S. W. Burgdorf, C. L. Clark, J. R. Burgdorf, D. H. Spector(2011). Mutation of Glutamine to Arginine at Position 548 of IE2 86 in Human Cytomegalovirus Leads to Decreased Expression of IE2 40, IE2 60, UL83, and UL84 and Increased Transcription of US8-9 and US29-32 . Journal of Virology. 85. (21). p. 11098--11110. American Society for Microbiology
Morello, C.S., Levinson, M.S., Kraynyak, K.A., Spector, D.H.(2011). Immunization with Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2) genes plus inactivated HSV-2 is highly protective against acute and recurrent HSV-2 disease . Journal of Virology. 85. (7). p. 3461-3472.
Karen Tran, Jeremy P. Kamil, Donald M. Coen, Deborah H. Spector(2010). Inactivation and Disassembly of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex during Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Is Associated with Degradation of the APC5 and APC4 Subunits and Does Not Require UL97-Mediated Phosphorylation of Cdh1 . J. Virol. 84. (20). p. 10832--10843. American Society for Microbiology
R. L. Sanders, D. H. Spector(2010). Human Cytomegalovirus IE2 86 and IE2 40 Proteins Differentially Regulate UL84 Protein Expression Posttranscriptionally in the Absence of Other Viral Gene Products . Journal of Virology. 84. (10). p. 5158--5170. American Society for Microbiology
A. J. Kapasi, C. L. Clark, K. Tran, D. H. Spector(2009). Recruitment of cdk9 to the Immediate-Early Viral Transcriptosomes during Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Requires Efficient Binding to Cyclin T1, a Threshold Level of IE2 86, and Active Transcription . Journal of Virology. 83. (11). p. 5904--5917. American Society for Microbiology
K. Tran, J. A. Mahr, D. H. Spector(2009). Proteasome Subunits Relocalize during Human Cytomegalovirus Infection, and Proteasome Activity Is Necessary for Efficient Viral Gene Transcription . Journal of Virology. 84. (6). p. 3079--3093. American Society for Microbiology
R. L. Sanders, C. J. Del Rosario, E. A. White, D. H. Spector(2008). Internal Deletions of IE2 86 and Loss of the Late IE2 60 and IE2 40 Proteins Encoded by Human Cytomegalovirus Affect the Levels of UL84 Protein but Not the Amount of UL84 mRNA or the Loading and Distribution of the mRNA on Polysomes . Journal of Virology. 82. (22). p. 11383--11397. American Society for Microbiology
R. L. Sanders, C. L. Clark, C. S. Morello, D. H. Spector(2008). Development of Cell Lines That Provide Tightly Controlled Temporal Translation of the Human Cytomegalovirus IE2 Proteins for Complementation and Functional Analyses of Growth-Impaired and Nonviable IE2 Mutant Viruses . Journal of Virology. 82. (14). p. 7059--7077. American Society for Microbiology
Kapasi, A.J., Spector, D.H.(2008). Inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinases at the beginning of human cytomegalovirus infection specifically alters the levels and localization of the RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal domain kinases cdk9 and cdk7 at the viral transcriptosome . Journal of Virology. 82. (1). p. 394-407.
K. Tran, J. A. Mahr, J. Choi, J. G. Teodoro, M. R. Green, D. H. Spector(2007). Accumulation of Substrates of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex (APC) during Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Is Associated with the Phosphorylation of Cdh1 and the Dissociation and Relocalization of APC Subunits . Journal of Virology. 82. (1). p. 529--537. American Society for Microbiology
A. J. Kapasi, D. H. Spector(2007). Inhibition of the Cyclin-Dependent Kinases at the Beginning of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Specifically Alters the Levels and Localization of the RNA Polymerase II Carboxyl-Terminal Domain Kinases cdk9 and cdk7 at the Viral Transcriptosome . Journal of Virology. 82. (1). p. 394--407. American Society for Microbiology
V. Sanchez, J. A. Mahr, N. I. Orazio, D. H. Spector(2007). Nuclear Export of the Human Cytomegalovirus Tegument Protein pp65 Requires Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Activity and the Crm1 Exporter . Journal of Virology. 81. (21). p. 11730--11736. American Society for Microbiology
C. S. Morello, L. A. Kelley, M. W. Munks, A. B. Hill, D. H. Spector(2007). DNA Immunization Using Highly Conserved Murine Cytomegalovirus Genes Encoding Homologs of Human Cytomegalovirus UL54 (DNA Polymerase) and UL105 (Helicase) Elicits Strong CD8 T-Cell Responses and Is Protective against Systemic Challenge . Journal of Virology. 81. (14). p. 7766--7775. American Society for Microbiology
E. A. White, C. J. Del Rosario, R. L. Sanders, D. H. Spector(2007). The IE2 60-Kilodalton and 40-Kilodalton Proteins Are Dispensable for Human Cytomegalovirus Replication but Are Required for Efficient Delayed Early and Late Gene Expression and Production of Infectious Virus . Journal of Virology. 81. (6). p. 2573--2583. American Society for Microbiology
Finn Grey, Heather Meyers, Elizabeth A. White, Deborah H. Spector, Jay Nelson(2007). A Human Cytomegalovirus-Encoded microRNA Regulates Expression of Multiple Viral Genes Involved in Replication . PLoS Pathog. 3. (11). p. e163. Public Library of Science ({PLoS})
Grey, F., Meyers, H., White, E.A., Spector, D.H., Nelson, J.(2007). A human cytomegalovirus-encoded microRNA regulates expression of multiple viral genes involved in replication . PLoS pathogens. 3. (11).
Sanchez, V., Mahr, J.A., Orazio, N.I., Spector, D.H.(2007). Nuclear export of the human cytomegalovirus tegument protein pp65 requires cyclin-dependent kinase activity and the Crm1 exporter . Journal of Virology. 81. (21). p. 11730-11736.
M. Shlapobersky, R. Sanders, C. Clark, D. H. Spector(2006). Repression of HMGA2 Gene Expression by Human Cytomegalovirus Involves the IE2 86-Kilodalton Protein and Is Necessary for Efficient Viral Replication and Inhibition of Cyclin A Transcription . Journal of Virology. 80. (20). p. 9951--9961. American Society for Microbiology
V. Sanchez, D. H. Spector(2006). Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Activity Is Required for Efficient Expression and Posttranslational Modification of Human Cytomegalovirus Proteins and for Production of Extracellular Particles . Journal of Virology. 80. (12). p. 5886--5896. American Society for Microbiology
Munks, M.W., Gold, M.C., Zajac, A.L., Doom, C.M., Morello, C.S., Spector, D.H., Hill, A.B.(2006). Genome-wide analysis reveals a highly diverse CD8 T cell response to murine cytomegalovirus . Journal of Immunology. 176. (6). p. 3760-3766.
S. Tamrakar, A. J. Kapasi, D. H. Spector(2005). Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Induces Specific Hyperphosphorylation of the Carboxyl-Terminal Domain of the Large Subunit of RNA Polymerase II That Is Associated with Changes in the Abundance, Activity, and Localization of cdk9 and cdk7 . Journal of Virology. 79. (24). p. 15477--15493. American Society for Microbiology
E. A. White, D. H. Spector(2005). Exon 3 of the Human Cytomegalovirus Major Immediate-Early Region Is Required for Efficient Viral Gene Expression and for Cellular Cyclin Modulation . Journal of Virology. 79. (12). p. 7438--7452. American Society for Microbiology
Morello, C.S., Ye, M., Hung, S., Kelley, L.A., Spector, D.H.(2005). Systemic priming-boosting immunization with a trivalent plasmid DNA and inactivated murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) vaccine provides long-term protection against viral replication following systemic or mucosal MCMV challenge . Journal of Virology. 79. (1). p. 159-175.
V. Sanchez, A. K. McElroy, J. Yen, S. Tamrakar, C. L. Clark, R. A. Schwartz, D. H. Spector(2004). Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Activity Is Required at Early Times for Accurate Processing and Accumulation of the Human Cytomegalovirus UL122-123 and UL37 Immediate-Early Transcripts and at Later Times for Virus Production . Journal of Virology. 78. (20). p. 11219--11232. American Society for Microbiology
M. Ye, C. S. Morello, D. H. Spector(2004). Multiple Epitopes in the Murine Cytomegalovirus Early Gene Product M84 Are Efficiently Presented in Infected Primary Macrophages and Contribute to Strong CD8+-T-Lymphocyte Responses and Protection following DNA Immunization . Journal of Virology. 78. (20). p. 11233--11245. American Society for Microbiology
E. A. White, C. L. Clark, V. Sanchez, D. H. Spector(2004). Small Internal Deletions in the Human Cytomegalovirus IE2 Gene Result in Nonviable Recombinant Viruses with Differential Defects in Viral Gene Expression . Journal of Virology. 78. (4). p. 1817--1830. American Society for Microbiology
C. S. Morello, M. Ye, S. Hung, L. A. Kelley, D. H. Spector(2004). Systemic Priming-Boosting Immunization with a Trivalent Plasmid DNA and Inactivated Murine Cytomegalovirus (MCMV) Vaccine Provides Long-Term Protection against Viral Replication following Systemic or Mucosal MCMV Challenge . Journal of Virology. 79. (1). p. 159--175. American Society for Microbiology
Ye, M., Morello, C.S., Spector, D.H.(2004). Multiple epitopes in the murine cytomegalovirus early gene product M84 are efficiently presented in infected primary macrophages and contribute to strong CD8+-T-lymphocyte responses and protection following DNA immunization . Journal of Virology. 78. (20). p. 11233-11245.
V. Sanchez, A. K. McElroy, D. H. Spector(2003). Mechanisms Governing Maintenance of Cdk1/Cyclin B1 Kinase Activity in Cells Infected with Human Cytomegalovirus . Journal of Virology. 77. (24). p. 13214--13224. American Society for Microbiology
N. Biswas, V. Sanchez, D. H. Spector(2003). Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Leads to Accumulation of Geminin and Inhibition of the Licensing of Cellular DNA Replication . Journal of Virology. 77. (4). p. 2369--2376. American Society for Microbiology
Biswas, N., Sanchez, V., Spector, D.H.(2003). Human cytomegalovirus infection leads to accumulation of geminin and inhibition of the licensing of cellular DNA replication . Journal of Virology. 77. (4). p. 2369-2376.
Fortunato, E.A., Spector, D.H.(2003). Viral induction of site-specific chromosome damage . Reviews in Medical Virology. 13. (1). p. 21-37.
E. A. Fortunato, V. Sanchez, J. Y. Yen, D. H. Spector(2002). Infection of Cells with Human Cytomegalovirus during S Phase Results in a Blockade to Immediate-Early Gene Expression That Can Be Overcome by Inhibition of the Proteasome . Journal of Virology. 76. (11). p. 5369--5379. American Society for Microbiology
C. S. Morello, M. Ye, D. H. Spector(2002). Development of a Vaccine against Murine Cytomegalovirus (MCMV), Consisting of Plasmid DNA and Formalin-Inactivated MCMV, That Provides Long-Term, Complete Protection against Viral Replication . Journal of Virology. 76. (10). p. 4822--4835. American Society for Microbiology
M. Ye, C. S. Morello, D. H. Spector(2002). Strong CD8 T-Cell Responses following Coimmunization with Plasmids Expressing the Dominant pp89 and Subdominant M84 Antigens of Murine Cytomegalovirus Correlate with Long-Term Protection against Subsequent Viral Challenge . Journal of Virology. 76. (5). p. 2100--2112. American Society for Microbiology
V. Sanchez, C. L. Clark, J. Y. Yen, R. Dwarakanath, D. H. Spector(2002). Viable Human Cytomegalovirus Recombinant Virus with an Internal Deletion of the IE2 86 Gene Affects Late Stages of Viral Replication . Journal of Virology. 76. (6). p. 2973--2989. American Society for Microbiology
Sanchez, V., Spector, D.H.(2002). CMV makes a timely exit . Science. 297. (5582). p. 778-779.
Elizabeth A. Fortunato, Deborah H. Spector(2002). Viral induction of site-specific chromosome damage . Rev. Med. Virol. 13. (1). p. 21--37. Wiley-Blackwell
Ye, M., Morello, C.S., Spector, D.H.(2002). Strong CD8 T-cell responses following coimmunization with plasmids expressing the dominant pp89 and subdominant M84 antigens of murine cytomegalovirus correlate with long-term protection against subsequent viral challenge . Journal of Virology. 76. (5). p. 2100-2112.
Roopashree S. Dwarakanath, Charles L. Clark, Anita K. McElroy, Deborah H. Spector(2001). The Use of Recombinant Baculoviruses for Sustained Expression of Human Cytomegalovirus Immediate Early Proteins in Fibroblasts . Virology. 284. (2). p. 297--307. Elsevier {BV}
Dwarakanath, R.S., Clark, C.L., McElroy, A.K., Spector, D.H.(2001). The use of recombinant baculoviruses for sustained expression of human cytomegalovirus immediate early proteins in fibroblasts . Virology. 284. (2). p. 297-307.
A. K. McElroy, R. S. Dwarakanath, D. H. Spector(2000). Dysregulation of Cyclin E Gene Expression in Human Cytomegalovirus-Infected Cells Requires Viral Early Gene Expression and Is Associated with Changes in the Rb-Related Protein p130 . Journal of Virology. 74. (9). p. 4192--4206. American Society for Microbiology
C. S. Morello, L. D. Cranmer, D. H. Spector(2000). Suppression of Murine Cytomegalovirus (MCMV) Replication with a DNA Vaccine Encoding MCMV M84 (a Homolog of Human Cytomegalovirus pp65) . Journal of Virology. 74. (8). p. 3696--3708. American Society for Microbiology
Elizabeth A Fortunato, Anita K McElroy, Veronica Sanchez, Deborah H Spector(2000). Exploitation of cellular signaling and regulatory pathways by human cytomegalovirus . Trends in Microbiology. 8. (3). p. 111--119. Elsevier {BV}
E. A. Fortunato, M. L. Dell'Aquila, D. H. Spector(2000). Specific chromosome 1 breaks induced by human cytomegalovirus . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 97. (2). p. 853--858. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Fortunato, E.A., Dell'Aquila, M.L., Spector, D.H.(2000). Specific chromosome I breaks induced by human cytomegalovirus . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 97. (2). p. 853-858.
Deborah Spector, E.A. Fortunato(1999). Influence of the cell cycle on the initiation of the HCMV infection — How the virus beats the clock . Journal of Clinical Virology. 12. (2). p. 90. Elsevier {BV}
Morello, C.S., Cranmer, L.D., Spector, D.H.(1999). In vivo replication, latency, and immunogenicity of murine cytomegalovirus mutants with deletions in the M83 and M84 genes, the putative homologs of human cytomegalovirus pp65 (UL83) . Journal of Virology. 73. (9). p. 7678-7693.
Fortunato, E.A., Spector, D.H.(1999). Regulation of human cytomegalovirus gene expression . Advances in virus research. 54. p. 61-128.
Deborah Spector, Lorena Navarro, Kerri Mowen, Steven Rodems, Brian Weaver, Nancy Reich, Michael David(1998). Cytomegalovirus Activates Interferon Immediate-Early Response Gene Expression and an Interferon Regulatory Factor 3-Containing Interferon-Stimulated Response Element-Binding Complex . Mol. Cell. Biol. 18. (7). p. 3796--3802. American Society for Microbiology
Salvant, B.S., Fortunato, E.A., Spector, D.H.(1998). Cell cycle dysregulation by human cytomegalovirus: Influence of the cell cycle phase at the time of infection and effects on cyclin transcription . Journal of Virology. 72. (5). p. 3729-3741.
Rodems, S.M., Spector, D.H.(1998). Extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity is sustained early during human cytomegalovirus infection . Journal of Virology. 72. (11). p. 9173-9180.
Rodems, S.M., Clark, C.L., Spector, D.H.(1998). Separate DNA elements containing ATF/CREB and IE86 binding sites differentially regulate the human cytomegalovirus UL112-113 promoter at early and late times in the infection . Journal of Virology. 72. (4). p. 2697-2707.
Fortunato, E.A., Spector, D.H.(1998). p53 and RPA are sequestered in viral replication centers in the nuclei of cells infected with human cytomegalovirus . Journal of Virology. 72. (3). p. 2033-2039.
Moreno, T.N., Fortunato, E.A., Hsia, K., Spector, S.A., Spector, D.H.(1997). A model system for human Cytomegalovirus-mediated modulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat activity in brain cells . Journal of Virology. 71. (5). p. 3693-3701.
Fortunato, E.A., Sommer, M.H., Yoder, K., Spector, D.H.(1997). Identification of domains within the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early 86-kilodalton protein and the retinoblastoma protein required for physical and functional interaction with each other . Journal of Virology. 71. (11). p. 8176-8185.
Hsia, K., Spector, D.H., Spector, S.A.(1997). Molecular analysis of the differential restriction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in neuronal cell lines . Journal of General Virology. 78. (12). p. 3255-3264.
Spector, D.H.(1996). Activation and regulation of human cytomegalovirus early genes . Intervirology. 39. (5-6). p. 361-377.
Schwartz, R., Helmich, B., Spector, D.H.(1996). CREB and CREB-binding proteins play an important role in the IE2 86- kilodalton protein-mediated transactivation of the human cytomegalovirus 2.2- kilobase RNA promoter . Journal of Virology. 70. (10). p. 6955-6966.
González Armas, J.C., Morello, C.S., Cranmer, L.D., Spector, D.H.(1996). DNA immunization confers protection against murine cytomegalovirus infection . Journal of Virology. 70. (11). p. 7921-7928.
Cranmer, L.D., Clark, C.L., Morello, C.S., Farrell, H.E., Rawlinson, W.D., Spector, D.H.(1996). Identification, analysis, and evolutionary relationships of the putative murine cytomegalovirus homologs of the human cytomegalovirus UL82 (pp71) and UL83 (pp65) matrix phosphoproteins . Journal of Virology. 70. (11). p. 7929-7939.
Koval, V., Jault, F.M., Pal, P.G., Moreno, T.N., Aiken, C., Trono, D., Spector, S.A., Spector, D.H.(1995). Differential effects of human cytomegalovirus on integrated and unintegrated human immunodeficiency virus sequences . Journal of Virology. 69. (3). p. 1645-1651.
Scully, A.L., Sommer, M.H., Schwartz, R., Spector, D.H.(1995). The human cytomegalovirus IE2 86-kilodalton protein interacts with an early gene promoter via site-specific DNA binding and protein-protein associations . Journal of Virology. 69. (10). p. 6533-6540.
Jault, F.M., Jault, J.-M., Ruchti, F., Fortunato, E.A., Clark, C., Corbeil, J., Richman, D.D., Spector, D.H.(1995). Cytomegalovirus infection induces high levels of cyclins, phosphorylated Rb, and p53, leading to cell cycle arrest . Journal of Virology. 69. (11). p. 6697-6704.
Janet L. Lathey, Deborah H. Spector, Stephen A. Spector(1994). Human Cytomegalovirus-Mediated Enhancement of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Production in Monocyte-Derived Macrophages . Virology. 199. (1). p. 98--104. Elsevier {BV}
Lathey, J.L., Spector, D.H., Spector, S.A.(1994). Human Cytomegalovirus-Mediated Enhancement of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Production in Monocyte-Derived Macrophages . Virology. 199. (1). p. 98-104.
Lee D. Cranmer, Charles Clark, Deborah H. Spector(1994). Cloning, Characterization, and Expression of the Murine Cytomegalovirus Homologue of the Human Cytomegalovirus 28-kDa Matrix Phosphoprotein (UL99) . Virology. 205. (2). p. 417--429. Elsevier {BV}
Cranmer, L.D., Clark, C., Spector, D.H.(1994). Cloning, Characterization, and Expression of the Murine Cytomegalovirus Homologue of the Human Cytomegalovirus 28-kDa Matrix Phosphoprotein (UL99) . Virology. 205. (2). p. 417-429.
Schwartz, R., Sommer, M.H., Scully, A., Spector, D.H.(1994). Site-specific binding of the human cytomegalovirus IE2 86-kilodalton protein to an early gene promoter . Journal of Virology. 68. (9). p. 5613-5622.
Jault, F.M., Spector, S.A., Spector, D.H.(1994). The effects of cytomegalovirus on human immunodeficiency virus replication in brain-derived cells correlate with permissiveness of the cells for each virus . Journal of Virology. 68. (2). p. 959-973.
Wade, E.J., Spector, D.H.(1994). The human cytomegalovirus origin of DNA replication (oriLyt) is the critical cis-acting sequence regulating replication-dependent late induction of the viral 1.2-Kilobase RNA promoter . Journal of Virology. 68. (10). p. 6567-6577.
Sommer, M.H., Scully, A.L., Spector, D.H.(1994). Transactivation by the human cytomegalovirus IE2 86-kilodalton protein requires a domain that binds to both the TATA box-binding protein and the retinoblastoma protein . Journal of Virology. 68. (10). p. 6223-6231.
K M Klucher, M Sommer, J T Kadonaga, D H Spector(1993). In vivo and in vitro analysis of transcriptional activation mediated by the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early proteins . Mol. Cell. Biol. 13. (2). p. 1238--1250. American Society for Microbiology
Wade, E.J., Klucher, K.M., Spector, D.H.(1992). An AP-1 binding site is the predominant cis-acting regulatory element in the 1.2-kilobase early RNA promoter of human cytomegalovirus . Journal of Virology. 66. (4). p. 2407-2417.
Spector, D.H.(1992). Potential host range expansion of the retroviruses . Developments in Biological Standardization. 76. p. 153-164.
Robin Elliott, Charles Clark, Dawn Jaquish, Deborah H. Spector(1991). Transcription analysis and sequence of the putative murine cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase gene . Virology. 185. (1). p. 169--186. Elsevier {BV}
Elliott, R., Clark, C., Jaquish, D., Spector, D.H.(1991). Transcription analysis and sequence of the putative murine cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase gene . Virology. 185. (1). p. 169-186.
Koval, V., Clark, C., Vaishnav, M., Spector, S.A., Spector, D.H.(1991). Human cytomegalovirus inhibits human immunodeficiency virus replication in cells productively infected by both viruses . Journal of Virology. 65. (12). p. 6969-6978.
Mosier, D.E., Gulizia, R.J., Baird, S.M., Wilson, D.B., Spector, D.H., Spector, S.A.(1991). Human immunodeficiency virus infection of human-PBL-SCID mice . Science. 251. (4995). p. 791-794.
Spector, D.H., Klucher, K.M., Rabert, D.K., Wright, D.A.(1990). Human cytomegalovirus early gene expression . Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. 154. p. 21-45.
Spector, D.H., Wade, E., Wright, D.A., Koval, V., Clark, C., Jaquish, D., Spector, S.A.(1990). Human immunodeficiency virus pseudotypes with expanded cellular and species tropism . Journal of Virology. 64. (5). p. 2298-2308.
Klucher, K.M., Spector, D.H.(1990). The human cytomegalovirus 2.7-kilobase RNA promoter contains a functional binding site for the adenovirus major late transcription factor . Journal of Virology. 64. (9). p. 4189-4198.
Hsia, K., Spector, D.H., Lawrie, J., Spector, S.A.(1989). Enzymatic amplification of human cytomegalovirus sequences by polymerase chain reaction . Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 27. (8). p. 1802-1809.
Wright, D.A., Spector, D.H.(1989). Posttranscriptional regulation of the class of human cytomegalovirus phosphoproteins encoded by an early transcription unit . Journal of Virology. 63. (7). p. 3117-3127.
Klucher, K.M., Rabert, D.K., Spector, D.H.(1989). Sequences in the human cytomegalovirus 2.7-kilobase RNA promoter which mediate its regulation as an early gene . Journal of Virology. 63. (12). p. 5334-5343.
Mosier, D.E., Gulizia, R.J., Baird, S.M., Spector, S., Spector, D., Kipps, T.J., Fox, R.I., Carson, D.A., Cooper, N., Richman, D.D.(1989). Studies of HIV infection and the development of Epstein-Barr virus-related B cell lymphomas following transfer of human lymphocytes to mice with severe combined immunodeficiency . Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. 152. p. 195-199.
Spector, S.A., Hsia, K., Denaro, F., Spector, D.H.(1989). Use of molecular probes to detect human cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency virus . Clinical Chemistry. 35. (8). p. 1581-1587.
Jeffrey R. Marks, Deborah H. Spector(1988). Replication of the murine cytomegalovirus genome: Structure and role of the termini in the generation and cleavage of concatenates . Virology. 162. (1). p. 98--107. Elsevier {BV}
Wright, D.A., Staprans, S.I., Spector, D.H.(1988). Four phosphoproteins with common amino termini are encoded by human cytomegalovirus AD169 . Journal of Virology. 62. (1). p. 331-340.
Marks, J.R., Spector, D.H.(1988). Replication of the murine cytomegalovirus genome: Structure and role of the termini in the generation and cleavage of concatenates . Virology. 162. (1). p. 98-107.
Staprans, S.I., Rabert, D.K., Spector, D.H.(1988). Identification of sequence requirements and trans-acting functions necessary for regulated expression of a human cytomegalovirus early gene . Journal of Virology. 62. (9). p. 3463-3473.
Mercer, J.A., Wiley, C.A., Spector, D.H.(1988). Pathogenesis of murine cytomegalovirus infection: Identification of infected cells in the spleen during acute and latent infections . Journal of Virology. 62. (3). p. 987-997.
Staprans, S.I., Spector, D.H.(1986). 2.2-Kilobase class of early transcripts encoded by cell-related sequences in human cytomegalovirus strain AD169 . Journal of Virology. 57. (2). p. 591-602.
Mercer, J.A., Spector, D.H.(1986). Pathogenesis of acute murine cytomegalovirus infection in resistant and suceptible strains of mice . Journal of Virology. 57. (2). p. 497-504.
Tamashiro, J.C., Spector, D.H.(1986). Terminal structure and heterogeneity in human cytomegalovirus strain AD169 . Journal of Virology. 59. (3). p. 591-604.
R D Rasmussen, S I Staprans, S B Shaw, D H Spector(1985). Sequences in human cytomegalovirus which hybridize with the avian retrovirus oncogene v-myc are G + C rich and do not hybridize with the human c-myc gene . Mol. Cell. Biol. 5. (6). p. 1525--1530. American Society for Microbiology
McDonough, S.H., Staprans, S.I., Spector, D.H.(1985). Analysis of the major transcripts encoded by the long repeat of human cytomegalovirus strain AD169 . Journal of Virology. 53. (3). p. 711-718.
Shaw, S.B., Rasmussen, R.D., McDonough, S.H., Staprans, S.I., Vacquier, J.P., Spector, D.H.(1985). Cell-related sequences in the DNA genome of human cytomegalovirus strain AD169 . Journal of Virology. 55. (3). p. 843-848.
Spector, S.A., Spector, D.H.(1985). The use of DNA probes in studies of human cytomegalovirus . Clinical Chemistry. 31. (9). p. 1514-1520.
Spector, S.A., Rua, J.A., Spector, D.H., McMillan, R.(1984). Detection of human cytomegalovirus in clinical specimens by DNA-DNA hybridization . Journal of Infectious Diseases. 150. (1). p. 121-126.
Marks, J.R., Spector, D.H.(1984). Fusion of the termini of the murine cytomegalovirus genome after infection . Journal of Virology. 52. (1). p. 24-28.
Tamashiro, J.C., Filpula, D., Friedmann, T., Spector, D.H.(1984). Structure of the heterogeneous L-S junction region of human cytomegalovirus strain AD169 DNA . Journal of Virology. 52. (2). p. 541-548.
Spector, D.H., Spector, S.A.(1984). The oncogenic potential of human cytomegalovirus . Progress in medical virology. Fortschritte der medizinischen Virusforschung. Progres en virologie medicale. 29. p. 45-89.
Jeffrey R. Marks, John A. Mercer, Deborah H. Spector(1983). Transcription in mouse embryo cells permissively infected by murine cytomegalovirus . Virology. 131. (1). p. 247--254. Elsevier {BV}
John A. Mercer, Jeffrey R. Marks, Deborah H. Spector(1983). Molecular cloning and restriction endonuclease mapping of the murine cytomegalovirus genome (Smith strain) . Virology. 129. (1). p. 94--106. Elsevier {BV}
Sherrol H. McDonough, Deborah H. Spector(1983). Transcription in human fibroblasts permissively infected by human cytomegalovirus strain AD169 . Virology. 125. (1). p. 31--46. Elsevier {BV}
McDonough, S.H., Spector, D.H.(1983). Transcription in human fibroblasts permissively infected by human cytomegalovirus strain AD169 . Virology. 125. (1). p. 31-46.
Spector, D.H., Vacquier, J.P.(1983). Human cytomegalovirus (strain AD169) contains sequences related to the avian retrovirus oncogene v-myc . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 80. (13). p. 3889-3893.
Mercer, J.A., Marks, J.R., Spector, D.H.(1983). Molecular cloning and restriction endonuclease mapping of the murine cytomegalovirus genome (Smith strain) . Virology. 129. (1). p. 94-106.
Marks, J.R., Mercer, J.A., Spector, D.H.(1983). Transcription in mouse embryo cells permissively infected by murine cytomegalovirus . Virology. 131. (1). p. 247-254.
Spector, S.A., Spector, D.H.(1982). Molecular epidemiology of cytomegalovirus infections in premature twin infants and their mother . Pediatric Infectious Disease. 1. (6). p. 405-409.
Spector, D.H., Hock, L., Tamashiro, J.C.(1982). Cleavage maps for human cytomegalovirus DNA strain AD169 for restriction endonucleases EcoRI, BglII, and HindIII . Journal of Virology. 42. (2). p. 558-582.
Tamashiro, J.C., Hock, L.J., Spector, D.H.(1982). Construction of a cloned library of the EcoRI fragments from the human cytomegalovirus genome (Strain AD169) . Journal of Virology. 42. (2). p. 547-557.
Spector, D.H.(1981). Gene-specific probes for avian retroviruses . Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. 91. p. 41-80.
Deborah Spector, Stephen H. Hughes, Farhang Payvar, Robert T. Schimke, Harriet L. Robinson, Gregory S. Payne, J. Michael Bishop, Harold E. Varmus(1979). Heterogeneity of genetic loci in chickens: analysis of endogenous viral and nonviral genes by cleavage of DNA with restriction endonucleases . Cell. 18. (2). p. 347--359. Elsevier {BV}
Hughes, S.H., Payvar, F., Spector, D., Schimke, R.T., Robinson, H.L., Payne, G.S., Michael Bishop, J., Varmus, H.E.(1979). Heterogeneity of genetic loci in chickens: analysis of endogenous viral and nonviral genes by cleavage of DNA with restriction endonucleases . Cell. 18. (2). p. 347-359.
Hughes, S.H., Stubblefield, E., Payvar, F., Engel, J.D., Dodgson, J.B., Spector, D., Cordell, B., Schimke, R.T., Varmus, H.E.(1979). Gene localization by chromosome fractionation: Globin genes are on at least two chromosomes and three estrogen-inducible genes are on three chromosomes . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 76. (3). p. 1348-1352.
Deborah H. Spector, Barbara Baker, Harold E. Varmus, J.Michael Bishop(1978). Characteristics of cellular RNA related to the transforming gene of avian sarcoma viruses . Cell. 13. (2). p. 381--386. Elsevier {BV}
Deborah H. Spector, Karen Smith, Thomas Padgett, Pamela McCombe, Daisy Roulland-Dussoix, Carlo Moscovici, Harold E. Varmus, J.Michael Bishop(1978). Uninfected avian cells contain RNA related to the transforming gene of avian sarcoma viruses . Cell. 13. (2). p. 371--379. Elsevier {BV}
Spector, D.H., Smith, K., Padgett, T., McCombe, P., Roulland-Dussoix, D., Moscovici, C., Varmus, H.E., Bishop, J.M.(1978). Uninfected avian cells contain RNA related to the transforming gene of avian sarcoma viruses . Cell. 13. (2). p. 371-379.
Spector, D.H., Baker, B., Varmus, H.E., Bishop, J.M.(1978). Characteristics of cellular RNA related to the transforming gene of avian sarcoma viruses . Cell. 13. (2). p. 381-386.
Bishop, J.M., Baker, B., Fujita, D., McCombe, P., Sheiness, D., Smith, K., Spector, D.H., Stehelin, D., Varmus, H.E.(1978). Genesis of a virus-transforming gene . National Cancer Institute monograph. (48). p. 219-223.
Spector, D.H., Varmus, H.E., Bishop, J.M.(1978). Nucleotide sequences related to the transforming gene of avian sarcoma virus are present in DNA of uninfected vertebrates . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 75. (9). p. 4102-4106.
Stephen H. Hughes, Peter R. Shank, Deborah H. Spector, Hsing-Jien Kung, J.Michael Bishop, Harold E. Varmus, Peter K. Vogt, Martin L. Breitman(1978). Proviruses of avian sarcoma virus are terminally redundant, co-extensive with unintegrated linear DNA and integrated at many sites . Cell. 15. (4). p. 1397--1410. Elsevier {BV}
Hughes, S.H., Shank, P.R., Spector, D.H., Kung, H.-J., Bishop, J.M., Varmus, H.E., Vogt, P.K., Breitman, M.L.(1978). Proviruses of avian sarcoma virus are terminally redundant, co-extensive with unintegrated linear DNA and integrated at many sites . Cell. 15. (4). p. 1397-1410.
RICHARD A. KRZYZEK, ALAN F. LAU, ANTHONY J. FARAS, DEBORAH H. SPECTOR(1977). Post-transcriptional control of avian oncornavirus transforming gene sequences in mammalian cells . Nature. 269. (5624). p. 175--179. Nature Publishing Group
Krzyzek, R.A., Lau, A.F., Faras, A.J., Spector, D.H.(1977). Post-transcriptional control of avian oncornavirus transforming gene sequences in mammalian cells . Nature. 269. (5624). p. 175-179.
Deborah H. Spector, David Baltimore(1975). Polyadenylic acid on poliovirus RNA . Virology. 67. (2). p. 498--505. Elsevier {BV}
Deborah H. Spector, Lydia Villa-Komaroff, David Baltimore(1975). Studies on the function of polyadenylic acid on poliovirus RNA . Cell. 6. (1). p. 41--44. Elsevier {BV}
Spector, D.H., Villa-Komaroff, L., Baltimore, D.(1975). Studies on the function of polyadenylic acid on poliovirus RNA . Cell. 6. (1). p. 41-44.
Spector, D.H., Baltimore, D.(1975). Poly(A) on mengovirus RNA . Journal of Virology. 16. (4). p. 1081-1084.
Spector, D.H., Baltimore, D.(1975). Polyadenylic acid on poliovirus RNA. II. Poly(A) on intracellular RNAs . Journal of Virology. 15. (6). p. 1418-1431.
Spector, D.H., Baltimore, D.(1975). Polyadenylic acid on poliovirus RNA. III. In vitro addition of polyadenylic acid to poliovirus RNAs . Journal of Virology. 15. (6). p. 1432-1439.
Spector, D.H., Baltimore, D.(1975). The molecular biology of poliovirus . Scientific American. 232. (5). p. 25-31.
Spector, D.H., Baltimore, D.(1975). Polyadenylic acid on poliovirus RNA. IV. Poly(U) in replicative intermediate and double-stranded RNA . Virology. 67. (2). p. 498-505.
Spector, D.H., Baltimore, D.(1974). Requirement of 3' terminal poly(adenylic acid) for the infectivity of poliovirus RNA . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 71. (8). p. 2983-2987.
MARK I. OESTREICHER, DEBORAH H. SHUMAN, CHARLES F. WURSTER(1971). DDE reduces Medullary Bone Formation in Birds . Nature. 229. (5286). p. 571--571. Nature Publishing Group
BOOK CHAPTER
(2013). Exploitation of Host Cell Cycle Regulatory Pathways by HCMV. Cytomegaloviruses: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Therapy.
(1985). Molecular studies on the cytomegalovirus of mice and men. Genetic Engineering: Principles and Methods, Vol. 7.
(1984). Organization and expression of the repeats at the termini and L-S junction of human cytomegalovirus strain AD169. Herpesvirus, UCLA Symp. Mol. Cell. Biol., New Series, Vol. 21.
(1977). The function and origin of the transforming gene of avian sarcoma virus. International Cell Biology.
(1977). The transforming gene of avian sarcoma virus. Symposium on the Molecular Biology of the Mammalian Genetic Apparatus.
OTHER
V. Sanchez, D. H. Spector(2008). Subversion of Cell Cycle Regulatory Pathways . Human Cytomegalovirus. p. 243--262. Springer Science $\mathplus$ Business Media
Deborah H. Spector, Valerie Koval, Françoise M. Jault, Janet Lathey, Stephen A. Spector(1994). POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS ON HIV REPLICATION . Interactions Between Retroviruses and Herpesviruses. p. 65--89. World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
D. H. Spector, K. M. Klucher, D. K. Rabert, D. A. Wright(1990). Human Cytomegalovirus Early Gene Expression . Cytomegaloviruses. p. 21--45. Springer Science $\mathplus$ Business Media
Deborah Spector, Donald E. Mosier, Richard J. Gulizia, Stephen M. Baird, Stephen Spector, Thomas J. Kipps, Robert I. Fox, Dennis A. Carson, Neil Cooper, Douglas D. Richman, et al.(1989). Studies of HIV Infection and the Development of Epstein-Barr Virus-Related B Cell Lymphomas Following Transfer of Human Lymphocytes to Mice With Severe Combined Immunodeficiency . The Scid Mouse. p. 195--199. Springer Science $\mathplus$ Business Media
Joyce C. Tamashiro, Deborah H. Spector(1980). MOLECULAR CLONING OF THE HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS GENOME (STRAIN AD169) . Animal Virus Genetics. p. 21--37. Elsevier {BV}
Deborah Spector, Harold E. Varmus, Dominique Stehelin, Jacov Tal, Don Fujita, Thomas Padgett, Daisy Roulland-Dussoix, Hsing-Jien Kung, J. Michael Bishop(1976). DISTRIBUTION AND FUNCTION OF DEFINED REGIONS OF AVIAN TUMOR VIRUS GENOMES IN VIRUSES AND UNINFECTED CELLS . Animal Virology. p. 339--358. Elsevier {BV}
Elizabeth A. White, Deborah H. Spector, Ann Arvin, Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume, Edward Mocarski, Patrick S. Moore, Bernard Roizman, Richard Whitley, Koichi Yamanishi Early CMV gene expression and function . Human Herpesviruses. p. 264--294. Cambridge University Press ({CUP})
BOOK
Sanchez, V., Spector, D.H.(2008). Subversion of cell cycle regulatory pathways . Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. 325. p. 243-262.
White, E.A., Spector, D.H.(2007). Early CMV gene expression and function . Human Herpesviruses: Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis. p. 264-294.
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