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Hire Dr. Ahmad A.

United Kingdom

USD 200 /hr

Statistician & Data Analyst | Expert in SPSS, R, Python

Profile Summary

Subject Matter Expertise

Services

Data & AI

Data & AI Statistical Analysis, Data Visualization, Big Data Analytics

Work Experience

Assistant Professor

American University of Kuwait

September 2021 - Present

Statistical Consultant

Advancement Consulting for Statistical Studies - Kuwait

January 2010 - Present

Owner

ASIA Consulting for Admistrative

January 2010 - Present

Ph.D. Researcher

University of Strathclyde

February 2018 - February 2022

Lecturer

Kuwait Technical College (Ktech)

September 2014 - February 2018

Statistical Specialist

Gulf University for Science & Technology

March 2010 - August 2014

Head of Quality Assurance

Arab Open University

August 2007 - March 2010

Senior Statistical Analyst

Kuwait University

May 2003 - August 2007

Education

PhD in Statistics

University of Strathclyde

June 2018 - Present

University of Strathclyde

- September 2022

Master in Statistics

Kuwait University

June 2004 - June 2007

Bachelor in Mathhematics

Kuwait University

June 1997 - June 2002

Certifications

Certification details not provided.

Publications

JOURNAL ARTICLE

Ahmad Alsaber, Sharifah Alsowaidan, Adeeba Al-Hurban, Amal Anbar (2024). Assessment of seasonal variations in the air quality index (2019–2022) in Al-Jahra city, Kuwait . Kuwait Journal of Science.

Ahmad Alsaber, OMAR ALHUSSAINAN, Sarah Al-Shamali, Anwaar Alkandari (2024). Brand Identification, Symbolism, and Evangelism: Evidence from PICK and Pinkberry in Kuwait . Proceedings.

Faisal AlReshaid, Talal M. Almutari, Ali A. Dashti, Ali A. Al-Kandari, Ahmed R. Alsaber (2024). Making Sense of COVID 19: Varied Approaches to Internal Crisis Communication in Kuwait . Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies.

Ardita Malaj, Ahmad R. Alsaber, Bedour Alboloushi, Anwaar Alkandari, Selim Zaim (2024). Examining the Role of Employee Social Intrapreneurial Behavioural and Job Satisfaction as Mediators of Employee Commitment . Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies.

Ahmad Alsaber, Amna Derdab, Mohammad AlFadhli, Shihanah Almutairi, Karim Ullah (2024). The Relative Importance of Factors Influencing Saudi Arabia's Productivity . Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies.

Ahmad Alsaber, Aleyah Al-Sharhan, Yousef Al Khasham, Anwaar Al Kandari, Rania Nafea, Parul Setiya (2024). The Influence of Governmental Support on Cyber-Security Adoption and Performance . International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking.

Ahmad Alsaber, Naeimah Alkharafi, Ahmad Alqatan, Shaikhah Alainati, Anwaar Al Kandari, Rania Nafea (2024). Comparison between sponsored and non-sponsored regarding personal administrative factors for SMEs from Kuwait during the COVID-19 pandemic . Humanities and Social Sciences Letters.

Mohammed Al Jarallah, Salman Abdulsalam, Rajesh Rajan, Raja Dashti, Kobalava D. Zhanna, Parul Setiya, Ahmad Al-Saber, Mohammad Alajmi, Peter A. Brady, Georgiana Luisa Baca, et al. (2024). Transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with chronic kidney disease: a multi-centre retrospective study . Annals of Medicine & Surgery.

Rola H Ali, Mohamad Almanabri, Nawal Y Ali, Ahmad R Alsaber, Nisreen M Khalifa, Rania Hussein, Mona Alateeqi, Eiman M A Mohammed, Hiba Jama, Ammar Almarzooq, et al. (2024). Clinicopathological analysis of BRAF and non-BRAF MAPK pathway-altered gliomas in paediatric and adult patients: a single-institution study of 40 patients . Journal of Clinical Pathology.

Ahmad Alsaber, Reem Alsahli, Ahmad Al-Sultan, Iyad Abu Doush, Khalid Sultan, Dhary Alkandary, Emmanuel Coffie, Parul Setiya (2023). Evaluation of various machine learning prediction methods for particulate matter $$PM_{10}$$ in Kuwait . International Journal of Information Technology.

Ahmad Alsaber, Ibrahim AlKandari, Farah Alsaeed, Anwaar Al-Kandari, Karim Ullah, Khadija Hamza, Ahmad Alqatan (2023). Determinants of employees’ turnover intention . Journal of Governance and Regulation.

Correction to: Exploring the impact of air pollution on COVID-19 admitted cases <head> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT="0;URL=/servlet/useragent"> </head> . Japanese Journal of Statistics and Data Science.

Fatimah Al-Dashti, Anwaar Mohammad Alkandari, Shihanah AlMutairi, Ahmed Al-Saber (2022). COVID-19 Pandemic . International Journal of Electronic Government Research.

Ahmad Alsaber, Fatimah Al-Dashti, Anwaar M. Alkandari, Shihanah AlMutairi (2022). COVID-19 Pandemic . International Journal of Electronic Government Research.

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and in-hospital mortality among patients with SARSCoV-2 @article{5cd0c4d942c34a919322f0fd13c2d821, title = "Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and in-hospital mortality among patients with SARSCoV-2: a retrospective study", abstract = "The goal of this study was to investigate in-hospital mortality in patients suffering from acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) relative to the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and to determine if there are gender disparities in outcome. Between February 26 and September 8, 2020, patients having SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled in this retrospective cohort research, which was categorized by NLR levels ≥9 and < 9. In total, 6893 patients were involved included of whom6591 had NLR <9, and 302 had NLR ≥9. The age of most of the patients in the NLR<9 group was 50 years, on the other hand, the age of most of the NLR ≥9 group patients was between 50 and 70 years. The majority of patients in both groups were male 2211 (66.1%). The ICU admission time and mortality rate for the patients with NLR ≥9 was significantly higher compared to patients with NLR <9. Logistic regression's outcome indicated that NLR ≥9 (odds ratio (OR), 24.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): 15.5–40.0; p < 0.001), male sex (OR, 3.5; 95% CI: 2.0–5.9; p < 0.001) and haemoglobin (HB) (OR, 0.95; 95% CI; 0.94–0.96; p < 0.001) predicted in-hospital mortality significantly. Additionally, Cox proportional hazards analysis (B = 4.04, SE = 0.18, HR = 56.89, p < 0.001) and Kaplan–Meier survival probability plots also indicated that NLR>9 had a significant effect on mortality. NLR ≥9 is an independent predictor of mortality(in-hospital) among SARS-CoV-2 patients.", keywords = "NLR, covid-19, in-hospital mortality, SARS CoV-2", author = "Al-Mazedi, {Maryam Salah} and Rajesh Rajan and Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Raja Dashti and {Al Saber}, Ahmad and Jiazhu Pan and Zhanna, {Kobalava D.} and Hassan Abdelnaby and Wael Aboelhassan and Farah Almutairi and Naser Alotaibi and {Al Saleh}, Mohammad and Noor AlNasrallah and Bader Al-Bader and Haya Malhas and Maryam Ramadhan and {A. Brady}, Peter and Ibrahim Al-Zakwani and Parul Setiya and Mohammed Abdullah and Moudhi Alroomi and Gary Tse", year = "2022", month = oct, day = "4", doi = "10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104748", language = "English", volume = "82", journal = "Annals of Medicine and Surgery", issn = "2049-0801", publisher = "Elsevier BV", } . Annals of Medicine and Surgery.

Omar Nasser AlHussainan, Munirah Ahmed AlFayyadh, Ahmed Al-Saber, Anwaar Mohammad Alkandari (2022). The Factors of E-Government Service Quality in Kuwait During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic . International Journal of Electronic Government Research.

Ahmad Alsaber, OMAR ALHUSSAINAN, Munirah A. AlFayyadh, Anwaar Alkandari (2022). The Factors of E-Government Service Quality in Kuwait During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic . International Journal of Electronic Government Research.

Long-term post-operative perfusion outcomes in giant retinal tears treated with and without scleral buckling @article{905ec385958748bcb47f9a554e4a1615, title = "Long-term post-operative perfusion outcomes in giant retinal tears treated with and without scleral buckling", abstract = "Limited data are available on the long-term perfusional status of patients who have undergone successful surgery for giant retinal tear (GRT) macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). This study examines the long-term outcomes in eyes treated for varying degrees of GRT-associated RRD extensions and compared them with two control groups. Twenty-five emmetropic normal eyes (control emmetropic), 20 healthy myopic eyes (control myopic), and 33 eyes surgically treated for GRT (surgical) were included in this study for a comparison of long-term structural, perfusional, and functional outcomes. The surgical eyes were categorized based on degree of GRT-associated RRD extension: 19 eyes with GRT-associated RRD extension <180° and 14 eyes with extension >180°. The eyes were further separated by whether they required placement of a complementary 360° scleral buckle. The mean age of the patients was 55.18 years and the mean pre-operative evolution of GRT was 2.36 weeks. The average pre- and post-operative best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs) were 1.90 logMAR and 0.59 logMAR, respectively, which were different with statistical significance. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy resulted in multiple surgeries in nine eyes (27.3%). Long-term post-operative optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed 11 eyes (33.3%) with abnormal foveal contour, 13 eyes (39.4%) with ellipsoid zone disruption, two eyes with dissociated optic nerve fiber layer defects, and 15 eyes (45.4%) with external limiting membrane line discontinuities. OCT angiography yielded abnormal perfusion indices in the surgically treated eyes (P < 0.0001). Correlation analysis found that post-surgical BCVA was negatively correlated with superficial foveal avascular zone area, superficial parafoveal vessel density, and central subfoveal thickness, while positively correlated with choriocapillaris flow area. Our data showed that eyes with GRT-associated RRD have multiple structural alterations in spectral-domain OCT biomarkers that are correlated with visual outcomes. Despite successful retina reattachment without proliferation, management of GRT-associated RRD remains challenging.", keywords = "deep vascular plexus, giant retinal tears, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment,, post operative perfusion indices, choriocapillaris subfoveal plexus, superficial vascular plexus, vessel density", author = "Quiroz-Reyes, {Miguel Angel} and Quiroz-Gonzalez, {Erick Andres} and Quiroz-Gonzalez, {Miguel Angel} and Ahmad Alsaber and Virgilio Lima-Gomez", year = "2022", month = aug, day = "8", doi = "10.25259/lajo_2_2022", language = "English", volume = "5", journal = "Latin American Journal of Ophthalmology", issn = "2637-6229", publisher = "Scientific Scholar", number = "2", } . Latin American Journal of Ophthalmology.

In-hospital mortality in SARS-CoV-2 stratified by the use of corticosteroid @article{a3122ae494e641b0904cbc69be979892, title = "In-hospital mortality in SARS-CoV-2 stratified by the use of corticosteroid", abstract = "Objective: To investigate COVID-19 related mоrtаlity according to the use of corticosteroid therapy. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Two tertiary hospitals in Kuwait. Participants: Overall, 962 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, were stratified according to whether they were treated with corticosteroids (dexamethasone or methylprednisolone). The mean age of the patients was 50.2 ± 15.9 years and 344/962 (35.9%) were female. Main outcome measures: In-hospital mortality and cumulative all-cause mortality. Results: Compared to non-corticosteroid therapy patients, corticosteroid therapy patients had a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, and chronic kidney disease; a longer hospital stay (median [IQR]: 17.0 [5.0–57.3] days vs 14.0 [2.0–50.2] days); and a higher in-hospital mortality (51/199 [25.6%] vs 36/763 [4.7%]). Logistic regression analysis showed a higher in-hospital mortality in the corticosteroid group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 4.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.64–8.02, p < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards regression showed that corticosteroid use was a significant predictor of mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.96, p < 0.001). Conclusions: In-hospital mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2 on corticosteroid therapy was 4.6 times higher than in those without corticosteroid therapy.", keywords = "corticosteroids, SARS-COV-2, in-hospital mortality, COVID-19, age", author = "Naser Alotaibi and Moudhi Alroomi and Wael Aboelhassan and Soumoud Hussein and Rajesh Rajan and Noor AlNasrallah and {Al Saleh}, Mohammad and Maryam Ramadhan and Zhanna, {Kobalava D.} and Jiazhu Pan and Haya Malhas and Hassan Abdelnaby and Farah Almutairi and Bader Al-Bader and Ahmad Alsaber and Mohammed Abdullah", year = "2022", month = aug, doi = "10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104105", language = "English", volume = "80", journal = "Annals of Medicine and Surgery", issn = "2049-0801", publisher = "Elsevier BV", } . Annals of Medicine and Surgery.

In-hospital mortality in SARS-CoV-2 stratified by sex diffrences @article{3c8b1e7ba205453bb62736a091e99741, title = "In-hospital mortality in SARS-CoV-2 stratified by sex diffrences: a retrospective cross-sectional cohort study", abstract = "Background: The aim of this study was to determine in-hospital mortality in patients presenting with severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and to evaluate for any differences in outcome according to sex differences. Methods: Patients with SRS-CoV-2 infection were recruited into this retrospective cohort study between February 26 and September 8, 2020 and strаtified ассоrding tо the sex differences. Results: In tоtаl оf 3360 раtients (meаn аge 44 ± 17 years) were included, of whom 2221 (66%) were mаle. The average length of hospitalization was 13 days (range: 2–31 days). During hospitalization and follow-up 176 patients (5.24%) died. In-hospital mortality rates were significantly different according to gender (p=<0.001). Specifically, male gender was associated with significantly greater mortality when compared to female gender with results significant at an alpha of 0.05, LL = 28.67, df = 1, p = 0.001, suggesting that gender could reliably determine mortality rates. The coefficient for the males was significant, B = 1.02, SE = 0.21, HR = 2.78, p < 0.001, indicating that an observation in the male category will have a hazard 2.78 times greater than that in the female category. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed male patients admitted with SARS-CoV-2had higher сumulаtive аll-саuse in-hоsрitаl mоrtаlity (6.8% vs. 2.3%; аdjusted оdds rаtiо (аОR), 2.80; 95% (СI): [1.61–5.03]; р < 0.001). Conclusions: Male gender was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in this study. The mortality rate among male SARS-CoV-2 patients was 2.8 times higher when compared with females.", keywords = "gender, COVID-19, in-hospital mortality, sex, SARS-CoV-2", author = "Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Rajesh Rajan and Raja Dashti and {Al Saber}, Ahmad and {A. Brady}, Peter and Hassan Abdelnaby and Moudhi Alroomi and Wael Aboelhassan and Mohammed Abdullah and Noor AlNasrallah and Bader Al-Bader and Haya Malhas and Maryam Ramadhan and Naser Alotaibi and {Al Saleh}, Mohammad and Farah Almutairi and Zhanna, {Kobalava D.}", year = "2022", month = jul, day = "31", doi = "10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104026", language = "English", volume = "79", journal = "Annals of Medicine and Surgery", issn = "2049-0801", publisher = "Elsevier BV", } . Annals of Medicine and Surgery.

Ahmad R. Alsaber, Parul Setiya, Ahmad T. Al-Sultan, Jiazhu Pan (2022). Exploring the impact of air pollution on COVID-19 admitted cases . Japanese Journal of Statistics and Data Science.

Clinical characteristics, incidence, and outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation stratified by new‐onset left bundle branch block @article{97852661b93b4215a1d29cd3a6c528e6, title = "Clinical characteristics, incidence, and outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation stratified by new‐onset left bundle branch block: a single‐center pilot study", abstract = "Clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) patients have not been reported in the Gulf region. Objectives: To define the baseline electrocardiographic (ECG), echocardiographic, and computed tomographic findings of patients undergoing TAVI and analyze the predictors of developing new‐onset persistent left bundle branch block (LBBB). Methods: Patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent TAVI between 2013 and 2021 at the Sabah Al‐Ahmed Cardiac Centre in Al‐Amiri Hospital in the state of Kuwait were included in this study. Baseline characteristics, electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, and preprocedural computed tomography data were extracted. The primary outcome was new‐onset LBBB. Results: A total of 61 patients were included (65.6% females; mean age: 73.5 ± 9 years; baseline ejection fraction: 55.5% ± 9.7%). Of these, 18 developed new‐onset LBBB. Those who developed LBBB tended to have lower ejection fraction (52.5 ± 9.6 vs. 56.8% ± 9.5%; P = 0.116). Those who developed LBBB were more likely to develop 1st degree atrioventricular block post‐TAVI (P = 0.001). Conclusion: The incidence of new‐onset LBBB post‐TAVI was 29.5%. The new‐onset LBBB group was more likely to develop conduction abnormalities requiring permanent pacemaker implantation.", keywords = "atrioventricular block, left bundle branch block, transcatheter aortic valve implantation", author = "Fajer Alabdulrazzaq and {Al Jarallah}, Mohammed and Rajesh Rajan and Raja Dashti and Nader Alasousi and Vladimir Koteivski and Mousa, {Ahmed Said Taha} and Gary Tse and Zhanna, {Kobalava D.} and Parul Setiya and Ahmad Al-Saber and {A. Brady}, Peter and {Al Balool}, Joud", year = "2022", month = jun, day = "30", doi = "10.4103/ACCJ.ACCJ_20_21", language = "English", volume = "4", pages = "9--14", journal = "Annals of Clinical Cardiology", issn = "2666-6979", number = "1", } . Annals of Clinical Cardiology.

The association of gastroesophageal reflux disease and dumping postsleeve gastrectomy @article{a7611d5de93a447ab8e6303f9a33b1e7, title = "The association of gastroesophageal reflux disease and dumping postsleeve gastrectomy", abstract = "Background: Sleeve gastrectomy is linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and dumping syndrome. This descriptive cohort study aimed to determine the incidence of GERD and dumping syndrome and the associated risk factors among obese patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Materials and Methods: This study included consecutive patients who underwent LSG at a single-surgeon private clinic between January 2017 and June 2019. The GERD Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) questionnaire was used to assess the presence of heartburn and/or regurgitation symptoms, and the Sigstad questionnaire was used to assess dumping symptoms. Results: A total of 318 patients underwent LSG at the single surgeon's clinic, and of them, 141 patients completed both the GERD HRQL and Sigstad questionnaires. We found an incidence of 4.96% for GERD and 17.0% for dumping syndrome. The use of proton pump inhibitor, body mass index difference, and fasting during Ramadan were associated with dumping syndrome. The time from LSG was positively correlated with GERD. Patients with dumping syndrome had higher GERD HRQL scores. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the incidence of GERD and dumping syndrome post-LSG is a variable. Further studies are needed to delineate the link between dumping and GERD post-LSG.", keywords = "gastroesophageal reflux disease, dumping syndrome, sleeve gastrectomy, obesity", author = "Jamal, {Mohammad H.} and Ali, {Sarah Al Ben} and Ahmed Alsaber and Ahmad Alhashemi and Salman Al-Sabah", year = "2022", month = jun, day = "8", doi = "10.1089/bari.2021.0051", language = "English", volume = "17", pages = "97--102", journal = "Bariatric Surgical Practice and Patient Care", issn = "2168-023X", publisher = "Mary Ann Liebert Inc.", number = "2", } . Bariatric Surgical Practice and Patient Care.

Risk factors for mortality in patients with COVID-19 @article{b9e2b7f6fe224dc5840ff9888d9aca10, title = "Risk factors for mortality in patients with COVID-19: the Kuwait experience", abstract = "Objectives: To describe the baseline characteristics and to evaluate the risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients admitted to hospitals with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Kuwait. Subjects and Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed data of patients admitted to two hospitals in Kuwait with COVID-19. The outcome was assessed by using multivariable analysis of factors affecting survival and mortality. Results: In the 962 patients, the case fatality ratio was 9.04%. The mean age of non-survivors was 63.5 ± 14.8 years, and most deaths occurred in males (80.5%). For the whole sample, source of transmission was significantly related to mortality and the median duration of in- hospital stay was 15 (interquartile range: 2–52) days. In patients with high oxygen requirements, the case fatality rate was 96.6%. Multivariable analysis identified age, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and dyspnoea on presentation as independent risk factors for COVID-19 mortality. Conclusions: The mortality rate was higher in older patients with comorbidities such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Early recognition of high-risk patients may help to improve care and reduce mortality.", keywords = "COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, mortality, survival", author = "{Al Saleh}, Mohammad and Naser Alotaibi and Kelly Schrapp and Ahmad Alsaber and Jiazhu Pan and Farah Almutairi and Mohammed Abdullah and Wael Aboelhassan and Noor AlNasrallah and Bader Al-Bader and Haya Malhas and Maryam Ramadhan and Mahdy Hamza and Hassan Abdelnaby and Moudhi Alroomi", year = "2022", month = may, day = "26", doi = "10.1159/000522166", language = "English", volume = "31", pages = "180--186", journal = "Medical Principles and Practice", issn = "1011-7571", publisher = "Karger Publishers", number = "2", } . Medical Principles and Practice.

Clinical outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement stratified by left ventricular ejection fraction @article{57374b2e41854cc3989eaa645efb8104, title = "Clinical outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement stratified by left ventricular ejection fraction: a single centre pilot study", abstract = "Introduction: To define baseline echocardiographic, electrocardiographic (ECG) and computed tomographic (CT) findings of patients with heart failure undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and analyze their overall procedural outcomes. Methods: Between 2018 and 2021, patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) who performed transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in Sabah Al Ahmad Cardiac Centre, Al Amiri Hospital were identified. A retrospective review of patients' parameters including pre-, intra-, and post-procedural data was conducted. Patients were grouped in 2 subgroups according to their EF: EF <40% (HFrEF) and EF ≥ 40%. The data included patients{\textquoteright} baseline characteristics, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic details along with pre-procedural CT assessment of aortic valve dimensions. Primary outcomes including post-operative disturbances, pacemaker implantation and in-hospital mortality following TAVR were additionally analyzed. Results: A total of 61 patients with severe AS underwent TAVR. The mean age was 73.5 ± 9, and 21 (34%) of the patients were males. The mean ejection fraction (EF) was 55.5 ± 9.7%. Of 61 patients, 12 (20%) were identified as heart failure with reduced EF (<40%). These patients were younger, more often males, and were more likely to have coronary artery disease (75% versus 53.1%). Left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction was documented in 75% and 58.3% of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) respectively. Post TAVR conduction disturbances, with the commonest being LBBB was observed in 41.7%. Permanent pacemaker was implanted in 3 of patients with HFrEF (25%). There were no significant differences between the two groups with regards to in hospital mortality (p = 0.618). Conclusion: Severe AS with EF <40% constitute a remarkable proportion of patients undergoing TAVR. Preliminary results of post-operative conduction disturbances and in hospital mortality in HFrEF patients were concluded to not differ from patients with LVEF ≥40%.", keywords = "transcatheter aortic valve replacement, aortic stenosis, stroke volume index", author = "{Al Balool}, Joud and Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Rajesh Rajan and Raja Dashti and Nader Alasousi and Vladimir Koteivski and Mousa, {Ahmed Said Taha} and {Al Haroun}, Retaj and Gary Tse and Zhanna, {Kobalava D.} and Parul Setiya and {Al Saber}, Ahmad and {A. Brady}, Peter", year = "2022", month = may, day = "10", doi = "10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103712", language = "English", volume = "77", journal = "Annals of Medicine and Surgery", issn = "2049-0801", publisher = "Elsevier BV", } . Annals of Medicine and Surgery.

In-hospital mortality in SARS-CoV-2 stratified by gamma-glutamyl transferase levels @article{7ace6a36aa174869a48fe6b688733ff8, title = "In-hospital mortality in SARS-CoV-2 stratified by gamma-glutamyl transferase levels", abstract = "Background: This study investigates in-hospital mortality amongst patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its relation to serum levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Methods: Patients were stratified according to serum levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (GGT<50 IU/L or GGT≥50 IU/L). Results: A total of 802 participants were considered, amongst whom 486 had GGT<50 IU/L and a mean age of 48.1 (16.5) years, whilst 316 had GGT≥50 IU/L and a mean age of 53.8 (14.7) years. The chief sources of SARS-CoV-2 transmission were contact (366, 45.7%) and community (320, 40%). Most patients with GGT≥50 IU/L had either pneumonia (247, 78.2%) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (85, 26.9%), whilst those with GGT<50 IU/L had hypertension (141, 29%) or diabetes mellitus (DM) (147, 30.2%). Mortality was higher amongst patients with GGT≥50 IU/L (54, 17.1%) than amongst those with GGT<50 IU/L (29, 5.9%). More patients with GGT≥50 required high (83, 27.6%) or low (104, 34.6%) levels of oxygen, whereas most of those with GGT<50 had no requirement of oxygen (306, 71.2%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that GGT≥50 IU/L (odds ratio [OR]: 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–3.45, p=0.009), age (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03–1.07, p<0.001), hypertension (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.19–3.63, p=0.011), methylprednisolone (OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.74–5.01, p<0.001) and fever (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.15–3.68, p=0.016) were significant predictors of all-cause cumulative mortality. A Cox proportional hazards regression model (B = −0.68, SE =0.24, HR =0.51, p = 0.004) showed that patients with GGT<50 IU/L had a 0.51-times lower risk of all-cause cumulative mortality than patients with GGT≥50 IU/L. Conclusion: Higher levels of serum GGT were found to be an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality.", keywords = "COVID-19, gamma-glutamyl transferase, in-hospital mortality, SARS-CoV-2", author = "Moudhi Alroomi and Rajesh Rajan and Ahmad Alsaber and Jiazhu Pan and Mohammed Abdullah and Hassan Abdelnaby and Wael Aboelhassan and Noor AlNasrallah and Bader Al-Bader and Haya Malhas and Maryam Ramadhan and Soumoud Hussein and Naser Alotaibi and {Al Saleh}, Mohammad and Zhanna, {Kobalava D.} and Farah Almutairi", year = "2022", month = apr, day = "8", doi = "10.1002/jcla.24291", language = "English", volume = "36", journal = "Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis", issn = "1098-2825", publisher = "Wiley", number = "4", } . Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis.

Critical analysis of postoperative outcomes in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with giant tears @article{c20f35f3d6ce44789721864aad93ad34, title = "Critical analysis of postoperative outcomes in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with giant tears: a consecutive case series study", abstract = " AbstractBackground: Currently there remains controversy in the surgical management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) due to giant retinal tears (GRTs), a potentially blinding condition. To clarify which surgical technique is better depending on the origin and magnitude of the giant tear this study aimed to analyze the anatomic and functional outcomes. To analyze trans- and postoperative surgical complications, we used long-term final postoperative structural, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and correlated the results with the final postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in three different groups of eyes.Methods: A long-term, comparative, retrospective, consecutive case series on seventy-six eyes of 66 patients that were recruited and classified according to the degree of GRT-associated RRD extension as follows: group 1 (n = 42 eyes) with GRT-associated RRD extension < 180°; group 2 (n = 23 eyes) with GRT-associated RRD extension = 180°- 270°; and group 3 (n = 11 eyes) with GRT-associated RRD extension > 270°. Structural and functional outcomes were compared across groups.Results: Of the 76 eyes analyzed, 63 were phakic, and 13 were pseudophakic. The mean age of the patients was 43.0 ± 13.0 years (range, 19-76 years); 36 females, and 40 males. The mean preoperative time for GRT surgery was 1.8 weeks, the mean preoperative and postoperative BCVAwas 1.87 logMAR and 0.35 logMAR, respectively (p < 0.05), and the mean postoperative follow-up was 28.1 months. Five patients (6.6%) had bilateral GRT-associated RRD, 61 patients (80.3%) had a monocular condition, and 21 eyes (27.6%) had final BCVA of ≥ 20/40. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy resulted in multiple surgeries in 31.6% of the eyes. Postoperative OCT yielded abnormal retinal thickness, ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruptions, and external limiting membrane (ELM) line discontinuities in all groups, predominantly in GRTs macula off-associated RRD requiring multiple surgeries.Conclusions: Multiple structural alterations in spectral- domain OCT biomarkers were observed. Eyes that developed secondary epiretinal membrane (ERM) proliferation showed significantly improved BCVA after proliferation and the internal limiting membrane (ILM) was removed. The structural findings correlated with the BCVA allow us to conclude severe consequences of the macular structure and that, despite a fully reattached retina without ERM proliferation, GRTs-associated RRD has a guarded functional prognosis.KeywordsGiant retinal tears, Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, Brilliant blue dye, Epiretinal membrane, Internal limiting membrane, Macula-off giant retinal tear-associated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, Primary vitrectomy, Scleral buckle", keywords = "giant retinal tears, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment,, brilliant blue dye, epiretinal membrane, internal limiting membrane, macula-off giant retinal tear-associated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, primary vitrectomy, scleral buckle", author = "Miguel Quiroz-Reyes and Erick Quiroz-Gonzalez and Miguel Quiroz-Gonzalez and {Ahmad R A A Alsaber}, A and Margarita Montano and Virgilio Lima-Gomez", year = "2022", month = feb, day = "18", doi = "10.23937/2378-346X/1410134", language = "English", volume = "9", journal = "International Journal of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research", issn = "2378-346X", publisher = "ClinMed International Library", number = "1", } . International Journal of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research.

Alostath, M.H., Alsaber, A.R., Setiya, P.(2022). DIFFERENT STATISTICAL METHODS FOR PREDICTING NASDAQ 100 USING UNIVARIATE TIME SERIES APPROACHES . International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences. 18. (2). p. 507-513.

Alsaber, A.R., Setiya, P., Al-Sultan, A.T., Pan, J.(2022). Exploring the impact of air pollution on COVID-19 admitted cases: Evidence from vector error correction model (VECM) approach in explaining the relationship between air pollutants towards COVID-19 cases in Kuwait . Japanese Journal of Statistics and Data Science. 5. (1). p. 379-406.

Al Saleh, M., Alotaibi, N., Schrapp, K., Alsaber, A., Pan, J., Almutairi, F., Abdullah, M., Aboelhassan, W., Alnasrallah, N., Al-Bader, B., et al.(2022). Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients with COVID-19: The Kuwait Experience . Medical Principles and Practice. 31. (2). p. 180-186.

Al-Jarallah, M., Rajan, R., Dashti, R., Al Saber, A., Brady, P.A., Abdelnaby, H., Alroomi, M., Aboelhassan, W., Abdullah, M., AlNasrallah, N., et al.(2022). In-hospital mortality in SARS-CoV-2 stratified by sex diffrences: A retrospective cross-sectional cohort study . Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 79.

Alroomi, M., Alsaber, A., Al-Bader, B., Almutairi, F., Malhas, H., Pan, J., Zhanna, K.D., Ramadhan, M., Saleh, M.A., Abdullah, M., et al.(2022). In-hospital Mortality Rates in SARS-CoV-2 Patients Treated with Enoxaparin and Heparin . Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis. 28.

Alotaibi, N., Alroomi, M., Aboelhassan, W., Hussein, S., Rajan, R., AlNasrallah, N., Al Saleh, M., Ramadhan, M., Zhanna, K.D., Pan, J., et al.(2022). In-hospital mortality in SARS-CoV-2 stratified by the use of corticosteroid . Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 80.

Jamal, M.H., Ali, S.A.B., Alsaber, A., Alhashemi, A., Al-Sabah, S.(2022). The Association of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Dumping Postsleeve Gastrectomy . Bariatric Surgical Practice and Patient Care. 17. (2). p. 97-102.

Ahmad Alsaber, Mohammad Al Saleh, Naser Alotaibi, Kelly Schrapp, Jiazhu Pan, Farah Almutairi, Mohammed Abdullah, Wael Aboelhassan, Noor AlNasrallah, Bader Al-Bader, et al.(2022). Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients with COVID-19: The Kuwait Experience . Medical Principles and Practice. 31. (2). p. 180--186. S. Karger {AG}

Alroomi, M., Rajan, R., Alsaber, A., Pan, J., Abdullah, M., Abdelnaby, H., Aboelhassan, W., AlNasrallah, N., Al-Bader, B., Malhas, H., et al.(2022). In-hospital mortality in SARS-CoV-2 stratified by gamma-glutamyl transferase levels . Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis. 36. (4).

Al-Shamali, S., Al-Shamali, A., Alsaber, A., Al-Kandari, A., AlMutairi, S., Alaya, A., Al-Shamali, S., Al-Shamali, A., Alsaber, A., Al-Kandari, A., et al.(2022). Impact of Organizational Culture on Academics’ Readiness and Behavioral Intention to Implement eLearning Changes in Kuwaiti Universities during COVID-19 . Sustainability (Switzerland). 14. (23).

Alsaber, A.R., Setiya, P., Al-Sultan, A.T., Pan, J., Alsaber, A.R., Setiya, P., Al-Sultan, A.T., Pan, J.(2022). Correction to: Exploring the impact of air pollution on COVID-19 admitted cases: Evidence from vector error correction model (VECM) approach in explaining the relationship between air pollutants towards COVID-19 cases in Kuwait (Japanese Journal of Statistics and Data Science, (2022), 5, 1, (379-406), 10.1007/s42081-022-00165-z) . Japanese Journal of Statistics and Data Science. 5. (2). p. 719-720.

Al-Mazedi, M.S., Rajan, R., Al-Jarallah, M., Dashti, R., Al Saber, A., Pan, J., Zhanna, K.D., Abdelnaby, H., Aboelhassan, W., Almutairi, F., et al.(2022). Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and in-hospital mortality among patients with SARS-CoV-2: A retrospective study . Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 82.

Rajan, R., Soman, S.O., Al Jarallah, M., Kobalava, Z., Dashti, R., Al Zakwani, I., Al Balool, J., Tse, G., Setiya, P., Brady, P.A., et al.(2022). Validation of R-hf risk score for risk stratification in ischemic heart failure patients: A prospective cohort study . Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 80.

Outcomes of tocilizumab therapy in severe or critical COVID-19 patients @article{15810eaa35e64a098d892260c8a37d73, title = "Outcomes of tocilizumab therapy in severe or critical COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort, single-centre study", abstract = "Objectives: To assess the effectiveness and safety of tocilizumab, a humanised anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody, in the treatment of critical or severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of severe or critical COVID-19 patients (≥18 years) admitted to one hospital in Kuwait. Fifty-one patients received intravenous tocilizumab, while 78 patients received the standard of care at the same hospital. Both groups were compared for clinical improvement and in-hospital mortality. Results: The tocilizumab (TCZ) group had a significantly lower 28-day in-hospital mortality rate than the standard-of care-group (21.6% vs. 42.3% respectively; p = 0.015). Fifty-five per cent of patients in the TCZ group clinically improved vs. 11.5% in the standard-of-care group (p < 0.001). Using Cox-proportional regression analysis, TCZ treatment was associated with a reduced risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 0.25; 95% CI: 0.11–0.61) and increased likelihood of clinical improvement (adjusted hazard ratio 4.94; 95% CI: 2.03–12.0), compared to the standard of care. The median C-reactive protein, D-dimer, procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase and ferritin levels in the tocilizumab group decreased significantly over the 14 days of follow-up. Secondary infections occurred in 19.6% of the TCZ group, and in 20.5% of the standard-of-care group, with no statistical significance (p = 0.900). Conclusion: Tocilizumab was significantly associated with better survival and greater clinical improvement in severe or critical COVID-19 patients.", keywords = "Covid-19, tocilizumab, mortality, survival, Kuwait", author = "Hassan Abdelnaby and Wael Aboelhassan and Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Rajesh Rajan and Raja Dashti and {Al Saber}, {Ahmad R.} and {Abd el-Saleem}, Ahmed and Islam Ashri and Mohammed Abdullah and {Mahmud Fouad}, Ahmed", year = "2021", month = dec, day = "31", doi = "10.1111/tmi.13685", language = "English", volume = "26", pages = "1689--1699", journal = "Tropical Medicine and International Health", issn = "1360-2276", publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", number = "12", } . Tropical Medicine and International Health.

Ahmad Alsaber, Moudhi Alroomi, Rajesh Rajan, Abdulaziz A. Omar, Jiazhu Pan, Mina Fatemi, Kobalava D. Zhanna, Wael Aboelhassan, Farah Almutairi, Naser Alotaibi, et al. (2021). Ferritin level: A predictor of severity and mortality in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients . Immunity, Inflammation and Disease.

Ferritin level @article{4e5ef950a2814c19af595a46ad237e73, title = "Ferritin level: a predictor of severity and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients", abstract = "Introduction: This study aims to investigate in-hоsрitаl mоrtаlity in severe асute resрirаtоry syndrоme соrоnаvirus 2 раtients strаtified by serum ferritin levels. Methods: Patients were stratified based on ferritin levels (ferritin levels ≤ 1000 or >1000). Results: Approximately 89% (118) of the patients with ferritin levels > 1000 had pneumonia, and 51% (67) had hypertension. Fever (97, 73.5%) and shortness of breath (80, 61%) were two major symptoms among the patients in this group. Logistic regression analysis indicated that ferritin level (odds ratio [OR] = 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.21–0.62; p <.001), male sex (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.43–5.06; p =.003), hypertension (OR = 4.16, 95% CI = 2.42–7.36; p <.001) and pneumonia (OR = 8.48, 95% CI = 3.02–35.45; p <.001) had significance in predicting in-hospital mortality. Additionally, the Cox proportional hazards analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival probability plot showed a higher mortality rate among patients with ferritin levels > 1000. Conclusion: In this study, higher levels of serum ferritin were found to be an independent predictor of in-hоsрitаl mоrtаlity.", keywords = "ferritin, COVID-19, in-hospital mortality, male sex, SARS-CoV-2, hypertension, pneumonia", author = "Moudhi Alroomi and Rajesh Rajan and Omar, {Abdulaziz A.} and Ahmad Alsaber and Jiazhu Pan and Mina Fatemi and Zhanna, {Kobalava D.} and Wael Aboelhassan and Farah Almutairi and Naser Alotaibi and Saleh, {Mohammad A.} and Noor AlNasrallah and Bader Al-Bader and Haya Malhas and Maryam Ramadhan and Mohammed Abdullah and Hassan Abdelnaby", year = "2021", month = nov, day = "12", doi = "10.1002/iid3.517", language = "English", volume = "9", pages = "1648--1655", journal = "Immunity, Inflammation and Disease", issn = "2050-4527", publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Ltd", number = "4", } . Immunity, Inflammation and Disease.

In-hospital mortality in SARS-CoV-2 stratified by serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels @article{5e21547531864d438578d37adabae4ac, title = "In-hospital mortality in SARS-CoV-2 stratified by serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels: a retrospective study", abstract = "This study is done to estimаte in-hоsрitаl mоrtаlity in раtients with severe асute resрirаtоry syndrоme соrоnаvirus 2 (SАRS-СоV-2) strаtified by Vitamin-D (Vit-D) levels. Раtients were strаtified ассоrding tо by serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)Vit-D) levels intо twо grоuрs, that is, 25(OH)Vit-D less thаn 40 nmol/L аnd 25(OH)Vit-D greаter thаn 40 nmol/L. А tоtаl оf 231 раtients were inсluded. Оf these, 120 (50.2%) оf the раtients hаd 25(OH)Vit-D levels greаter thаn 40 nmol/L. The meаn аge wаs 49 ± 17 yeаrs, аnd 67% оf the раtients were mаles. The mediаn length оf оverаll hоsрitаl stаy wаs 18 [6; 53] dаys. The remаining 119 (49.8%) раtients hаd а 25(OH)Vit-D less thаn 40 nmol/L. Vitamin D levels were seen as deficient in 63% of patients, insufficient in 25% and normal in 12%. Оverаll mоrtаlity wаs 17 раtients (7.1%) but statistically not signifiсаnt among the grоuрs (p = 0.986). The Kарlаn–Meier survivаl аnаlysis shоwed no significance based on an alpha of 0.05, LL = 0.36, df = 1, p = 0.548, indicating Vitamin_D_Levels was not able to adequately predict the hazard of Mortality. In this study, serum 25(OH)Vit-D levels were found have no significance in terms of predicting the in-hоsрitаl mortality in раtients with SАRS-СоV-2.", keywords = "COVID-19, in-hospital mortality, SARS-COV-2, vitamin D", author = "Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Rajesh Rajan and Raja Dashti and {Al Saber}, Ahmad and Jiazhu Pan and Zhanna, {Kobalava D.} and Hassan Abdelnaby and Wael Aboelhassan and Farah Almutairi and Mohammed Abdullah and Naser Alotaibi and {Al Saleh}, Mohammad and {Al Nasrallah}, Noor and Bader Al-Bader and Haya Malhas and Maryam Ramadhan and Mahdy Hamza and {A. Brady}, Peter and Ibrahim Al-Zakwani and Moudhi Alroomi", year = "2021", month = oct, day = "31", doi = "10.1002/jmv.27133", language = "English", volume = "93", pages = "5880–5885", journal = "Journal of Medical Virology", issn = "0146-6615", publisher = "Wiley", number = "10", } . Journal of Medical Virology.

Outcomes of Tocilizumab Therapy in Severe or Critical COVID‐19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort, Single‐Center Study @article{2021, doi = {10.1111/tmi.13685}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1111%2Ftmi.13685}, year = 2021, month = {oct}, publisher = {Wiley}, author = {Hassan Abdelnaby and Wael Aboelhassan and Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Rajesh Rajan and Raja Dashti and Ahmad R. Al Saber and Ahmed Abd el-Saleem and Islam Ashri and Mohammed Abdullah and Ahmed Mahmud Fouad}, title = {Outcomes of Tocilizumab Therapy in Severe or Critical {COVID}-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort, Single-Center Study}} . Tropical Medicine & International Health.

Handling missing data in a rheumatoid arthritis registry using random forest approach @article{e835ea5aad574401af2138c765aa9c19, title = "Handling missing data in a rheumatoid arthritis registry using random forest approach", abstract = "Missing data in clinical epidemiological research violate the intention-to-treat principle, reduce the power of statistical analysis, and can introduce bias if the cause of missing data is related to a patient's response to treatment. Multiple imputation provides a solution to predict the values of missing data. The main objective of this study is to estimate and impute missing values in patient records. The data from the Kuwait Registry for Rheumatic Diseases was used to deal with missing values among patient records. A number of methods were implemented to deal with missing data; however, choosing the best imputation method was judged by the lowest root mean square error (RMSE). Among 1735 rheumatoid arthritis patients, we found missing values vary from 5% to 65.5% of the total observations. The results show that sequential random forest method can estimate these missing values with a high level of accuracy. The RMSE varied between 2.5 and 5.0. missForest had the lowest imputation error for both continuous and categorical variables under each missing data rate (10%, 20%, and 30%) and had the smallest prediction error difference when the models used the imputed laboratory values.", keywords = "rheumatoid, missing values, imputation techniques, random forest, kNN, KRRD", author = "Ahmad Alsaber and Adeeba Al-Herz and Jiazhu Pan and Al-Sultan, {Ahmad T.} and Divya Mishra and {KRRD Group}", year = "2021", month = oct, day = "1", doi = "10.1111/1756-185X.14203", language = "English", volume = " 24", pages = " 1282–1293", journal = "International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases", issn = "1756-185X", publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd", number = "10", } . International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases.

Ahmad Alsaber, Adeeba Al‐Herz, Jiazhu Pan, Ahmad T. AL‐Sultan, Divya Mishra (2021). Handling missing data in a rheumatoid arthritis registry using random forest approach . International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases.

Mohammed Al‐Jarallah, Rajesh Rajan, Raja Dashti, Ahmad Al Saber, Jiazhu Pan, Kobalava D. Zhanna, Hassan Abdelnaby, Wael Aboelhassan, Farah Almutairi, Mohammed Abdullah, et al.(2021). In‐hospital mortality in SARS‐CoV‐2 stratified by serum 25‐hydroxy‐vitamin D levels: A retrospective study . Journal of Medical Virology. 93. (10). p. 5880--5885. Wiley

In-hospital mortality in SARS-CoV-2 stratified by hemoglobin levels @article{469cfc82734a43e8a3d873ecd0ecee91, title = "In-hospital mortality in SARS-CoV-2 stratified by hemoglobin levels: a retrospective study", abstract = "This study is to estimate in-hospital mortality in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) patients stratified by hemoglobin (Hb) level. Patients were stratified according to hemoglobin level into two groups, that is, Hb <100 g/L and Hb >100 g/L. A total of 6931 patients were included. Of these, 6377 (92%) patients had hemoglobin levels >100 g/L. The mean age was 44 ± 17 years, and 66% of the patients were males. The median length of overall hospital stay was 13 days [2; 31]. The remaining 554 (8%) patients had a hemoglobin level <100 g/L. Overall mortality was 176 patients (2.54%) but was significantly higher in the group with hemoglobin levels <100 g/L (124, 22.4%) than in the group with hemoglobin levels >100 g/L (52, 0.82%). Risk factors associated with increased mortality were determined by multi- variate analysis. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed hemoglobin as a predictor of mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression coefficients for hemoglobin for the HB ≤ 100 category of hemoglobin were significant, B = 2.79, SE = 0.17, and HR = 16.34, p < 0.001. Multivariate logistic regression showed Hb < 100 g/L had a higher cumu- lative all-cause in-hospital mortality (22.4% vs. 0.8%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.33; 95% [CI]: [0.20–0.55]; p < 0.001). In this study, hemoglobin levels <100 g/L were found to be an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality.", keywords = "anemia, COVID-19, hemoglobin, in-hospital mortality, SARS-CoV-2", author = "Mohammed Al-Jarallah and Rajesh Rajan and {Al Saber}, Ahmad and Jiazhu Pan and Ahmad T.Al-Sultan and Hassan Abdelnaby and Moudhi Alroomi and Raja Dashti and Wael Aboelhassan and Farah Almutairi and Mohammed Abdullah and Naser Alotaibi and {Al Saleh}, Mohammad and Noor AlNasrallah and Bader Al-Bader and Haya Malhas and Maryam Ramadhan and Mahdy Hamza and Zhanna, {Kobalava D.}", year = "2021", month = sep, day = "24", doi = "10.1002/jha2.195", language = "English", volume = "2", pages = "335–339", journal = "eJHaem", issn = "2688-6146", publisher = "Wiley", number = "3", } . eJHaem.

Forecasting air passenger traffic volume @article{ddc7c7583ef64df28f0bfcbb5a8b3892, title = "Forecasting air passenger traffic volume: evaluating time series models in long-term forecasting of Kuwait air passenger data", abstract = "Accurate estimation of air transport demand is vital for airlines, related aviation companies, and government agencies. For example, both short-term and long-term business plans of airlines require accurate forecasting of future air traffic flows. This study aims to forecast the volume of air passengers in Kuwait International Airport (KIA), which is in the state of Kuwait. Using monthly air traffic volume data between January 2012 and December 2018, this study focuses on the modelling and forecasting the number of air passengers in KIA. A wide range of time series forecasting models are considered in this research, including autoregressive-integrated-moving average model (ARIMA), exponential smoothing with errors term (ETS), Holt-Winters exponential smoothing, neural network autoregression (NNAR), hybrid and Bayesian structural time series (BSTS), and a hybrid model. The forecasting performance of these models are compared using multiple train-test splits where the models are fitted on the training sets and evaluated on the test sets. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is used to compare the performance of various models. Empirical analysis suggests that the BSTS model compares favorably against the other time series models in its ability to forecast complex time series. The BSTS model may be applied to study other complex time series forecasting problems with irregularity.", keywords = "air traffic volume forecast, seasonal ARIMA, seasonal exponential smoothing, neural networks, hybrid method, Kuwait International Airport", author = "Ahmad Al-Sultan and Amani Al-Rubkhi and Ahmad Alsaber and Jiazhu Pan", year = "2021", month = sep, day = "1", doi = "10.17654/AS070010069", language = "English", volume = "70", pages = "69--89", journal = "Advances and Applications in Statistics", issn = "0972-3617", publisher = "Pushpa Publishing House", number = "1", } . Advances and Applications in Statistics.

Don't close the book on tocilizumab for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia - the jury is still out. The Kuwait experience @article{1cbb2ed47da54cd39beb6e48de0f40d9, title = "Don't close the book on tocilizumab for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia - the jury is still out. The Kuwait experience", abstract = "Purpose This cross-sectional observational study aims to report preliminary data from the first experience using tocilizumab for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in three of Kuwait's largest public hospitals City. Patients and methods This chart review study examined the benefits of tocilizumab treatment among 127 patients diagnosed with severe coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Results 90 of 127 patients (71%) survived. Mortality was highest in the elderly with multiple medical conditions. Conclusion Despite the small sample size and retrospective nature of the work, our findings are consistent with recent studies suggesting tocilizumab administration in patients presenting with severe COVID pneumonia with associated hyperinflammatory features conferred mortality benefit.", keywords = "tocilizumab, severe COVID-19 pneumonia, cytokine Release Storm, hyperinflammatory state", author = "Yousef Al-Shamali and Ali, {Yaser M.} and Al-Shamali, {Rawan A.} and Maryam Al-Melahi and Al-Shammari, {Farah R.} and Ahmad Alsaber and Wasl Al-Adsani", year = "2021", month = aug, day = "24", doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0254379", language = "English", volume = "16", journal = "PLOS One", issn = "1932-6203", publisher = "Public Library of Science", number = "8", } . PLOS One.

Mohammed Al‐Jarallah, Rajesh Rajan, Ahmad Al Saber, Jiazhu Pan, Ahmad T. Al‐Sultan, Hassan Abdelnaby, Moudhi Alroomi, Raja Dashti, Wael Aboelhassan, Farah Almutairi, et al. (2021). In‐hospital mortality in SARS‐CoV‐2 stratified by hemoglobin levels: A retrospective study . eJHaem.

Measuring instructor's readiness on accepting the use of e-learning system during Covid-19 pandemic in higher education of Kuwait @article{3d91e19dafbb423cb021ba710f870274, title = "Measuring instructor's readiness on accepting the use of e-learning system during Covid-19 pandemic in higher education of Kuwait", abstract = "E-learning has arisen as a need to face the obstacles raised by Covid-19's current circumstance and IT growth and the capacity for greater access to information. The decision to close all educational institutions, including public and private universities, is among the difficulties faced by the State of Kuwait during the Corona pandemic. There were appeals and claims to carry out the e-learning process separately. However, several obstacles affect the implementation of e-learning in higher education. Whether various stakeholders in higher education institutions prefer to accept or oppose e-learning for their work needs to be understood. This study explores the readiness of instructors in Kuwait's higher education institutions to carry out the process of e-learning. The key purpose of this report is to evaluate Kuwait's universities instructors' readiness. To realize this research target, the e-learning literature was studied, and an exploratory analysis was performed in Kuwait. Then a conceptual model was proposed based on TAM's technological preparation model and amended with the findings of e-learning literature analysis to measure the e-learning acceptance. The initial conceptual model was developed to research e-learning readiness in Kuwait. Quantitative analysis approach was used to analyze and test the conceptual construct. Conducted a questionnaire web-based. This report ends by highlighting research's key results.", keywords = "E-learning, readiness, technology readiness, technology acceptance model (TAM)", author = "Anwaar Alkandari and Aisha Alseddiqi and {Ahmad R A A Alsaber}, A", year = "2021", month = jun, day = "20", doi = "10.18374/JABE-21-2.3", language = "English", volume = "21", pages = "29--40", journal = "Journal of Academy of Business and Economics", issn = "1542-8710", number = "2", } . Journal of Academy of Business and Economics.

Ahmad Alsaber, Adeeba Al-Hurban, Sawsan Khader, Jiazhu Pan(2021). Air Quality Assessment in the State of Kuwait during 2012 to 2017 . Atmosphere. 12. (6). p. 678. {MDPI} {AG}

Air quality assessment in the State of Kuwait during 2012 to 2017 @article{60706d94277c43a09b58a6d326f5ac92, title = "Air quality assessment in the State of Kuwait during 2012 to 2017", abstract = "This study aimed to examine the trend of ambient air pollution (i.e., ozone (O3), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), benzene (C6H6) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 microns (PM10), and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) at 10 monitoring stations located in the main residential and industrial areas in the State of Kuwait over 6 years (2012–2017). We found that the SO2 level in industrial areas (0.065 ppm) exceeded the allowable range of SO2 in residential areas (0.030 ppm). Air pollution variables were defined by the Environmental Public Authority of Kuwait (K-EPA). In this study, integrated statistical analysis was performed to compare an established air pollution database to Kuwait Ambient Air Quality Guidelines and to determine the association between pollutants and meteorological factors. All pollutants were positively correlated, with the exception of most pollutants and PM10 and O3. Meteorological factors, i.e., the ambient temperature, wind speed and humidity, were also significantly associated with the above pollutants. Spatial distribution mapping indicated that the PM10 level remained high during the southwest monsoon (the hot and dry season), while the CO level was high during the northeast monsoon (the wet season). The NO2 and O3 levels were high during the first intermonsoon season. ", keywords = "air pollution, industrial area, ambient air pollution, EPA, Kuwait", author = "Adeeba Al-Hurban and Sawsan Khader and Ahmad Alsaber and Jiazhu Pan", year = "2021", month = may, day = "26", doi = "10.3390/atmos12060678", language = "English", volume = "12", journal = "Atmosphere", issn = "2073-4433", publisher = "MDPI AG", number = "6", } . Atmosphere.

Ahmad Alsaber, Adeeba Al-Hurban, Sawsan Khader, Jiazhu Pan (2021). Air Quality Assessment in the State of Kuwait during 2012 to 2017 . Atmosphere.

Ahmad R. Alsaber, Jiazhu Pan, Adeeba Al-Hurban (2021). Handling Complex Missing Data Using Random Forest Approach for an Air Quality Monitoring Dataset: A Case Study of Kuwait Environmental Data (2012 to 2018) . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18. (3). p. 1333. {MDPI} {AG}

Handling complex missing data using random forest approach for an air quality monitoring dataset @article{78bcccb920e541a9afb26e640924cd7d, title = "Handling complex missing data using random forest approach for an air quality monitoring dataset: a case study of Kuwait environmental data (2012 to 2018)", abstract = "In environmental research, missing data are often a challenge for statistical modeling. This paper addressed some advanced techniques to deal with missing values in a data set measuring air quality using a multiple imputation (MI) approach. MCAR, MAR, and NMAR missing data techniques are applied to the data set. Five missing data levels are considered: 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. The imputation method used in this paper is an iterative imputation method, missForest, which is related to the random forest approach. Air quality data sets were gathered from five monitoring stations in Kuwait, aggregated to a daily basis. Logarithm transformation was carried out for all pollutant data, in order to normalize their distributions and to minimize skewness. We found high levels of missing values for NO2 (18.4%), CO (18.5%), PM10 (57.4%), SO2 (19.0%), and O3 (18.2%) data. Climatological data (i.e., air temperature, relative humidity, wind direction, and wind speed) were used as control variables for better estimation. The results show that the MAR technique had the lowest RMSE and MAE. We conclude that MI using the missForest approach has a high level of accuracy in estimating missing values. MissForest had the lowest imputation error (RMSE and MAE) among the other imputation methods and, thus, can be considered to be appropriate for analyzing air quality data.", keywords = "missing imputation, random forest, high dimensional data, missing data mechanism, air quality", author = "Alsaber, {Ahmad R.} and Jiazhu Pan and Adeeba Al-Hurban", year = "2021", month = feb, day = "2", doi = "10.3390/ijerph18031333", language = "English", volume = "18", journal = "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", issn = "1660-4601", publisher = "MDPI AG", number = "3", } . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.

Ahmad Alsaber, Jiazhu Pan, Adeeba Al-Hurban  (2021). Handling Complex Missing Data Using Random Forest Approach for an Air Quality Monitoring Dataset: A Case Study of Kuwait Environmental Data (2012 to 2018) . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.

Alsaber, A., Al-Herz, A., Pan, J., AL-Sultan, A.T., Mishra, D., Alsaber, A., Al-Herz, A., Pan, J., AL-Sultan, A.T., Mishra, D.(2021). Handling missing data in a rheumatoid arthritis registry using random forest approach . International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases. 24. (10). p. 1282-1293.

Alroomi, M., Rajan, R., Omar, A.A., Alsaber, A., Pan, J., Fatemi, M., Zhanna, K.D., Aboelhassan, W., Almutairi, F., Alotaibi, N., et al.(2021). Ferritin level: A predictor of severity and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients . Immunity, Inflammation and Disease. 9. (4). p. 1648-1655.

Al-Jarallah, M., Rajan, R., Dashti, R., Al Saber, A., Pan, J., Zhanna, K.D., Abdelnaby, H., Aboelhassan, W., Almutairi, F., Abdullah, M., et al.(2021). In-hospital mortality in SARS-CoV-2 stratified by serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels: A retrospective study . Journal of Medical Virology. 93. (10). p. 5880-5885.

Abdelnaby, H., Aboelhassan, W., Al-Jarallah, M., Rajan, R., Dashti, R., Zhanna, K.D., Alsaber, A.R., Abd el-Aleem, A., Ashry, I., Abdullah, M., et al.(2021). Outcomes of tocilizumab therapy in severe or critical COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort, single-centre study . Tropical Medicine and International Health. 26. (12). p. 1689-1699.

Alsaber, A.R., Pan, J., Al-Hurban, A., Alsaber, A.R., Pan, J., Al-Hurban, A.(2021). Handling complex missing data using random forest approach for an air quality monitoring dataset: A case study of kuwait environmental data (2012 to 2018) . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18. (3). p. 1-26.

Al-Shamalii, Y., Ali, Y.M., Al-Shamalii, R.A., Al-Melahi, M., Al-Shammari, F.R., Alsaber, A., Al-Adsani, W., Al-Shamalii, Y., Ali, Y.M., Al-Shamalii, R.A., et al.(2021). Don't close the book on tocilizumab for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia- The jury is still out- The Kuwait experience . PLoS ONE. 16. (8 August).

Al-Hurban, A., Khader, S., Alsaber, A., Pan, J., Al-Hurban, A., Khader, S., Alsaber, A., Pan, J.(2021). Air quality assessment in the state of Kuwait during 2012 to 2017 . Atmosphere. 12. (6).

Al-Herz, A., Saleh, K., Al-Awadhi, A., Al-Kandari, W., Hasan, E., Ghanem, A., Hussain, M., Ali, Y., Nahar, E., Alenizi, A., et al.(2021). Accessibility to biologics and its impact on disease activity and quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Kuwait . Clinical Rheumatology. 40. (5). p. 1759-1765.

Accessibility to biologics and its impact on disease activity and quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Kuwait @article{83a6836629be491bb6c22a0d35f8dfaf, title = "Accessibility to biologics and its impact on disease activity and quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Kuwait", abstract = "Objective: Biologics are indicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in case of persistent high disease activity despite conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (cDMARDs) or patients with contraindications to cDMARDs or poor prognostic factors. The purpose of this study was to compare the prescription rates of biologics in Kuwaiti and non-Kuwaiti patients and to assess whether this had an impact on disease activity and quality of life in RA patients. Methods: Data were extracted from the Kuwait Registry for Rheumatic Diseases. Adult patients who satisfied the ACR classification criteria for RA from four major hospitals in Kuwait were evaluated from February 2013 through May 2018. The treatment agents, disease activity, and quality of life of Kuwaiti patients were compared with non-Kuwaiti patients. Results: A total of 1651 RA patients were included; 806 (48.8%) were Kuwaiti patients. Among Kuwaiti patients, 62.5% were on biologic drugs in comparison with 14% of non-Kuwaiti patients. In comparison with non-Kuwaiti patients, Kuwaiti patients had significantly lower numbers of swollen joints (p < 0.001) and disease activity score-28 scores (p = 0.02) and less steroid use (p < 0.001) yet a significantly higher health assessment questionnaire-disability index (p < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that DAS-28 scores were significantly associated with the treatment type (p < 0.001) and that nationality was significantly predictive of the treatment type (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In the setting of easy accessibility to treatment for Kuwaiti patients, biologics were prescribed by rheumatologists at a higher rate than for non-Kuwaitis. This may explain the lower disease activity and the lower rate of steroid use in Kuwaiti patients than non-Kuwaitis. Key points: • Significant discrepancies in the rates of prescribing biologic therapies between KP and NKP in Kuwait were observed. • Several treatment outcomes were significantly better in the KP group than in the NKP group even after adjustment of confounding factors. • The poor access to biologic therapies was suggested to limit the effectiveness of RA treatments in the NKP group.", keywords = "biologics, DAS-28, Kuwait, rheumatoid arthritis", author = "Adeeba Al-Herz and Khuloud Saleh and Adel Al-Awadhi and Waleed Al-Kandari and Eman Hasan and Aqeel Ghanem and Mohammed Hussain and Yaser Ali and Ebrahim Nahar and Ahmad Alenizi and Sawsan Hayat and Fatemah Abutiban and Ali Aldei and Hebah Alhajeri and Naser Alhadhood and Husain Bahbahani and Hoda Tarakmeh and Khaled Mokaddem and Ahmad Khadrawy and Ammad Fazal and Agaz Zaman and Ghada Mazloum and Youssef Bartella and Sally Hamed and Ramia Alsouk and Ahmed Al-Saber", year = "2020", month = oct, day = "12", doi = "10.1007/s10067-020-05444-2", language = "English", journal = "Clinical Rheumatology", issn = "1434-9949", publisher = "Springer London", } . Clinical Rheumatology.

Ahmad Alsaber, Jiazhu Pan, Adeeba Al-Herz, Dhary Alkandary, Adeeba Al-Hurban, Parul Setiya, on behalf of the KRRD Group(2020). Influence of Ambient Air Pollution on Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Score Index . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17. (2). p. 416. {MDPI} {AG}

Influence of ambient air pollution on rheumatoid arthritis disease activity score Index @article{13ce66e90206418ebbd356f2b4bb7cc4, title = "Influence of ambient air pollution on rheumatoid arthritis disease activity score Index", abstract = "Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune of an unknown etiology. Air pollution has been proposed as one of the possible risk factors associated with disease activity, although has not been extensively studied. In this study, we measured the relationship between exposure to air pollutants and RA activity. Data on RA patients were extracted from the Kuwait Registry for Rheumatic Diseases (KRRD). Disease activity was measured using disease activity score with 28 examined joints (DAS-28) and the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) during their hospital visits from 2013 to 2017. Air pollution was assessed using air pollution components (PM 10, NO 2, SO 2, O 3, and CO). Air pollution data were obtained from Kuwait Environmental Public Authority (K-EPA) from six different air quality-monitoring stations during the same period. Multiple imputations by the chained equations (MICE) algorithm were applied to estimate missing air pollution data. Patients data were linked with air pollution data according to date and patient governorate address. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and linear regression techniques were employed using STATA software. In total, 1651 RA patients with 9875 follow-up visits were studied. We detected an increased risk of RA using DAS-28 in participants exposed to SO 2 and NO 2 with β = 0.003 (95% CI: 0.0004–0.005, p < 0.01) and β = 0.003 (95% CI: 0.002–0.005, p < 0.01), respectively, but not to PM 10, O 3, and CO concentrations. Conclusively, we observed a strong association between air pollution with RA disease activity. This study suggests air pollution as a risk factor for RA and recommends further measures to be taken by the authorities to control this health problem. ", keywords = "air pollution, rheumatoid arthritis, DAS-28, CDAI, RA registry, KRRD, Kuwait, Middle East, AQI", author = "Ahmad Alsaber and Jiazhu Pan and Adeeba Al-Herz and Alkandary, {Dhary S.} and Adeeba Al-Hurban and Parul Setiya and KRRD Group", year = "2020", month = jan, day = "8", doi = "10.3390/ijerph17020416", language = "English", volume = "17", journal = "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", issn = "1660-4601", publisher = "MDPI AG", number = "2", } . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.

Alsaber, A., Pan, J., Al-Herz, A., Alkandary, D.S., Al-Hurban, A., Setiya, P., Alsaber, A., Pan, J., Al-Herz, A., Alkandary, D.S., et al.(2020). Influence of ambient air pollution on rheumatoid arthritis disease activity score index . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17. (2).

An Arab perspective on social media @article{8b9797ece8e04c9fb7bdd7170be224bb, title = "An Arab perspective on social media: how banks in Kuwait use instagram for public relations", abstract = "This study examines the public relations functions of eight Kuwaiti banks listed in the Kuwait Stock Exchange Market (KSEM) that post on their Instagram accounts. It also uses market-size, organization, and individual level predictors to model Instagram postings. A content analysis of 1502 posts revealed the banks use Instagram for promotion, information dissemination, community building, and interactive engagement, in that order of prominence. The findings suggest banks operate at the confluence of visual communication through Instagram and integration of religious sym- bolism to serve a public relations function predicated on image and influence. In doing so, the banks tap into the wellspring of social media use by target publics by navigating a balance between obedience to Allah and meeting bank business objectives. The resulting tension between sacred and secular highlights Arab cultural values and suggests Instagram fosters individualism, which challenges Arab emphasis on collectivism and fractures the notion online platforms can effectively build meaningful relationships that characterize Arab culture. The study posits Instagram is more effective in an Arab context at image building than relationship building, threading the importance of visual communication through social media across Arab culture and global public relations practices.", keywords = "social media, Kuwait, banking, public relations", author = "Al-Kandari, {Ali A.} and Gaither, {T. Kenn} and Alfahad, {Mohamed Mubarak} and Dashti, {Ali A.} and Alsaber, {Ahmad R.}", year = "2019", month = sep, day = "30", doi = "10.1016/j.pubrev.2019.04.007", language = "English", volume = "45", journal = "Public Relations Review", issn = "0363-8111", publisher = "Elsevier BV", number = "3", } . Public Relations Review.

(2019). An Arab perspective on social media: How banks in Kuwait use instagram for public relations . Public Relations Review.

Al-Kandari, A.A., Gaither, T.K., Alfahad, M.M., Dashti, A.A., Alsaber, A.R., Al-Kandari, A.A., Gaither, T.K., Alfahad, M.M., Dashti, A.A., Alsaber, A.R.(2019). An Arab perspective on social media: How banks in Kuwait use instagram for public relations . Public Relations Review. 45. (3).

(2018). 247 Higher uric acid is associated with a lower disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients: results from the Kuwait RA registry . Rheumatology.

(2018). High thermal tolerance displayed by the ladybeetle Harmonia axyridis in Kuwait . Journal of Entomological Research.

Alharbi, J., Alhajri, N., Alsaber, A., Alharbi, J., Alhajri, N., Alsaber, A.(2018). High thermal tolerance displayed by the ladybeetle Harmonia axyridis in Kuwait . Journal of Entomological Research. 42. (3). p. 305-310.

(2017). Low Prevalence of Nodules in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients<b> </b>in Kuwait: A Description and a Comparison of Patients from the Kuwait Registry for Rheumatic Diseases . Medical Principles and Practice.

Al-Herz, A., Al-Awadhi, A., Saleh, K., Al-Kandari, W., Hasan, E., Ghanem, A., Abutiban, F., Alenizi, A., Hussain, M., Ali, Y., et al.(2017). Low Prevalence of Nodules in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in Kuwait: A Description and a Comparison of Patients from the Kuwait Registry for Rheumatic Diseases . Medical Principles and Practice. 26. (2). p. 152-156.

(2016). A Comparison of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in Kuwait with Other Populations: Results from the KRRD Registry . British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research.

CONFERENCE PAPER

Ahmed Al-Saber, Omar Al-Hussainan, Sarah Al-Shamali, Anwaar Al-Kandari (2024). Brand Identification, Symbolism, and Evangelism: Evidence from PICK and Pinkberry in Kuwait .

OTHER

Correction to @article{ecb7677ee2594932b5b4e6f58a586e23, title = "Correction to: Exploring the impact of air pollution on COVID-19 admitted cases", abstract = "[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s42081-022-00165-z.]. [Abstract copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Japanese Federation of Statistical Science Associations 2022.]", keywords = "air pollution, Covid-19, cointegration, long-run relationship, Kuwait", author = "Alsaber, {Ahmad R.} and Parul Setiya and Al-Sultan, {Ahmad T.} and Jiazhu Pan", year = "2022", month = aug, day = "18", doi = "10.1007/s42081-022-00174-y", language = "English", journal = "Japanese Journal of Statistics and Data Science", issn = "2520-8764", publisher = "Springer", } . Japanese Journal of Statistics and Data Science.