公共政策に影響を与えることに成功した5つのシンクタンク

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There has been much debate in recent years about how effective or relevant think tanks are in today’s world. In fact, it is difficult to give the term think tank a definition — as it now includes university research groups, 公共政策 groups, NGOs, advocacy organizations, foundations, and more. Think tanks that are engaging more with practice are being referred to as “think and do” or “do” tanks, whereas those like the Pew Research Center that focus on information, are calling themselves “fact” tanks. While it can all get a bit confusing, the common goal of all these organizations is clear: to conduct in-depth research that can impact public policy and lead to positive reform.

Think tanks carry out research in diverse areas, from ヘルスケア にしています。 economics. The typical task of a think tank is to conduct in-depth research on a specific topic or towards a specific cause, publish findings and insights, and provide data-driven recommendations that will shape policy and legislation.

Over the years, think tanks have made positive contributions to decision-making, research and policy in countries across the world. Here are 5 think tanks who’ve successfully brought about change and are continuing to work towards reforming policy:

1.ブルッキングス研究所

最も古く、最も評判の高いシンクタンクの一つ。 ブルッキングス研究所 has been instrumental in shaping policy on a variety of issues in the US. Considered to be America’s most prestigious think tank, the institution has advised Presidents on how to run their administrations smoothly, has published studies that have shaped federal budget and has “produced influential proposals for homeland security and intelligence operations” post the terrorist attacks of 9/11. In the early 2000s, Brookings proposed a child tax credit system in the USA which became part of a major legislation, and helped families reduce their federal tax bill.

この機関は現在、医療用マリファナに関する連邦法の改正を強く求めています。 While medical cannabis is already legal in many states in the US, it is still a Schedule 1 drug under the federal law. In a documentary made in May 2018, the institution moved away from its traditional format of books and reports to a new medium. The ドキュメンタリー showcase the life of a teenager struggling with epilepsy who had to move from her home in Virginia (where cannabis oil could not be legally prescribed for her condition) to Colorado to access medical marijuana. She and her mom however became activists and supported the fight for legalization — and in 2018, Virginia approved the use of cannabis oil for medical purposes. Brookings aims to showcase the human side of a volatile debate, and hopes to move the public and influence the government to make what they believe is a necessary change in its cannabis laws.

2.ランド・コーポレーション

RAND Corporation was formed in 1948 just after WWII, with the aim of providing research support to the US Armed Forces. It adopted its name from the term “research and development”. Over the years, RAND has played a huge role in addressing some of society’s biggest challenges and has helped advance scientific research and technology. Their research areas include not just science and technology but also education and literacy, environmental issues, international affairs, climate change, and more. Some of RAND’s achievements in the public policy space include “improving the US healthcare system and providing affordable housing to low-income families”.

現在、彼らが注力している分野の一つが、安全性の向上です。 配送用ドローンそして、これらの航空機を使用することによるリスクを最小限に抑えるために、どのように政策を形成することができるのか。  In 2017, a panel of experts helped the National Institute of Justice identify and analyze how social media and social network analysis can help law enforcement.

3.公共政策研究機関（IPPR）

IPPRは、経済政策、労働力の課題、進歩的なBrexitのための計画に焦点を当てた主要なプログラムを持つ、英国の主要なシンクタンクの一つです。IPPRの活動はメディアからも注目されており、過去には、IPPRが発表したレポートが児童税控除の開発に直接つながったり、英国の2017年春季予算をめぐるIPPRの活動が国民的な議論を巻き起こしたりと、大きな影響を与えてきました。

The IPPR’s recent work includes a report showcasing public attitudes to a post-Brexit UK and whether the country should continue to align with the EU’s rules around consumer, financial, employment and environmental standards, or whether it should move away from these laws to make its own. The institution also published facts and figures of the changing economy and demographics in its “未来の証明。2020年代の英国” report, which not only received nation-wide visibility but also saw engagement from policymakers, politicians and the government.

4.センター・フォー・クライメイト・アンド・エネルギー・ソリューションズ（C2ES）

C2ES（Center for Climate and Energy Solutions）（Pew Center on Global Climate Changeの後継機関）は、米国に拠点を置くシンクタンクで、気候変動に対する実用的な解決策を見つけるために活動しています。この機関は、企業と協力して気候変動への耐性を強化し、政策立案者やその他の関係者と協力して気候変動の進展を確実にする政策を策定し、市長と協力して官民パートナーシップを強化しています。

One of C2ES’ major achievements is bringing together officials from more than 20 countries to for a dialogue on climate change that paved the way for the 2015 Paris agreement. C2ESはGreat Plains Instituteとともに、商業利用を目的とした炭素排出量の捕捉を目指す「Carbon Capture Coalition」を招集しています。2018年5月、同組織が発表した 報告 この記事では、米国の政策立案者が、現在の原子力発電の能力を維持しつつ、自然エネルギーを推進する方法について説明しています。

5.カイザーファミリー財団（KFF）

The Kaiser Family Foundation is a nonprofit organization that focuses on healthcare issues in the US and provides information on health policy, health reform, global health, etc. They regularly publish in-depth reports on health costs, insurance, Medicaid, women’s health, etc., with the aim of informing policymakers, the media, healthcare organizations and practitioners, and the general public.  They also conduct polls and surveys independently and in association with The Washington Post and NPR to identify gaps in the system and analyze how they can be filled. Their “Public Opinion and Survey Research” program conducts research on Americans’ experiences with the healthcare system and provides a platform for under-represented groups to voice their issues in national debates.

A 研究 KFFが2018年8月に実施した調査では、雇用が健康を改善することを示唆する証拠は限られていることがわかりました。 メディケイドの就労条件で考慮すべき点を論じ、就労条件により健康保険を失った場合に生じる健康問題を取り上げています。この研究は、以下の内容に基づいています。 文献調査 50以上のソースからのリサーチの

最近の レポート that suggest that think tanks are becoming politicized to the point of becoming lobbyists, and that their research is frequently being passed off as ‘academic literature’. トランスペアレント は、シンクタンクの財務の透明性を世界的に評価し、どのシンクタンクが合法的で信頼できるかを判断できるようにする取り組みです。

シンクタンクは、政策立案者、研究者、一般市民の間のギャップを埋めるために重要な役割を果たし続けています。の近くにあります。 7,000団体 around the world work under this umbrella term, conducting and publishing research that will lead to a better-informed public and government.

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