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7 formas en que la investigación del cáncer puede beneficiarse de los Big Data

Data is ubiquitous in salud—from hospitals, laboratories and investigación centres to surveillance systems, data makes up an indiscriminate part of healthcare systems. In fact, there is a myriad of types of data in biosciences research collected through clinical research or generated by genome sequencing or computational drug modelling. Investigación sobre el cáncer in particular benefits from the applications of big data and analytics. Cancer screening programs initiate rich repertoires of imaging and laboratory data, which require in-depth analysis and repeated testing in order for real value to be derived from it. Repeated testing and análisis de datos enable clinical researchers to develop better drugs, understand their attributes in vivo y producir nuevos tipos de fármacos para combatir el cáncer.

It’s no secret that datos masivos se considera como el método seguro para descifrar la complejidad del cáncer. La necesidad de establecer nuevos mecanismos para tratar el cáncer ha llevado a las empresas a investigar herramientas de visualización y análisis de datos. Capturar, recopilar, almacenar y analizar los datos de las células cancerosas es un juego completamente nuevo en el que IA benévola, 10X Genómica, Medicina Insílica y NuMedii han alcanzado sus primeros hitos. In fact, 10X Genomics has gone the extra mile to provide whole genome sequencing, exome sequencing and single cell transcriptome analysis services that vividly indicate cancer-prone gene sequences in the DNA, mRNA and polypeptide chains, respectively. Few others are utilizing broader data frameworks, novel screening mechanisms and high definition data filtering algorithms to test cancer drugs on a wide range of cellular environments.

Big data’s applicability in cancer diagnosis, experimentation and management is being hailed as the vital step towards next-level cancer research. Here are 7 ways big data is impacting cancer research.

1. Secuenciación de los genomas del cáncer en humanos

Todas las células de nuestro cuerpo tienen el mismo número de cromosomas y aproximadamente el mismo volumen de ADN. Pero las células cancerosas presentan distintas aberraciones en el contenido cromosómico y el crecimiento, que, si se someten a una visualización in silico, pueden utilizarse para aprovechar la información hasta el nivel del ADN. Estos estudios de secuenciación pueden ayudar a los biólogos celulares, bioinformáticos, biólogos moleculares y nanobiotecnólogos a desarrollar mejores métodos para eliminar las anomalías cromosómicas, lo que puede conducir a posibles vías terapéuticas.

2. Secuenciación de alto rendimiento de muestras de pacientes

We’re in the age when personalized medicine is becoming commonplace in healthcare and cancer is the biggest scope for that progress. This push towards personalized medicine has put the onus on computational biology, the branch of biology that makes healthcare as sophisticated as it is viewed today. Profesor Olivier Elemento, a Computational Medicine expert at the Cornell University highlights that as cancer cells are always changing, evolving and adapting to human environments, quicker next-generation technologies are more necessary now than ever to uncover a tumour’s genetic makeup. And the effort doesn’t just end there, mutation sequences have to be identified, segmented and processed with regards to the gene expressed.

3. Secuenciación de genomas de otros organismos

El primer genoma que se secuenció fue el de Escherichia coliun organismo unicelular. Entonces, los genomas de las plantas como Arabidopsis thaliana and non-vertebrate worms, reptiles and rodents were sequenced, With every degree of complexity that these organisms carried, genome sequencing gained bigger in terms of the understanding of a single cell’s potential to control, sensitize or ward off cancerous cells. It also presented working theories behind triggers of cancer. Now, researchers are analysing real-time data from mouse/chicken hamster ovary cancer cell lines to augment or improve cancer detection methods, along with increasing the accuracies of presently available screening tests.

4. Análisis del transcriptoma para un mejor seguimiento del cáncer

En la última década se han generado grandes bases de datos de cribado y datos experimentales sólo durante los estudios relacionados con el cáncer. Esto ha añadido un valor crucial para mantener los genes marcadores que ahora son las herramientas de primera mano para el seguimiento de oncogenes, el descubrimiento de fármacos y los estudios de biocompatibilidad. Además, algunas empresas extrapolan los datos del genoma del cáncer para analizar los transcriptomas y la síntesis de proteínas. Esto es la clave para encontrar fragmentos de genes mal colocados y sus productos, por lo que ayuda a rastrear las mutaciones, tanto las conservadoras como las no conservadoras.

5. Incorporación de algoritmos de aprendizaje automático para la elaboración de modelos de diagnóstico

Los sistemas sanitarios almacenan enormes cantidades de datos, que las tecnologías actuales han facilitado su utilización. Los investigadores biotecnológicos e interdisciplinarios están realizando vastos análisis de esas bases de datos mediante el uso de la alta velocidad algoritmos de aprendizaje automático that can scan data, interact with data and ensure the highest accuracy in the integration of large databases. Aprendizaje automático algorithms and high-tech data modelling systems are being employed to integrate cancer-related data from different sources in order to get a bigger picture of tumours. Genetic data visualization tools are making waves in cancer detection by enabling new methods to check cancer cell growth and death of healthy cells. This has been effectively put into use by incorporating the Genetic Modification and Clinical Research Information System, which are the most efficient open source research data management systems to visualize high throughput sequencing and screening data.

6. Presentar una mayor claridad en el pronóstico de la enfermedad

Algunas herramientas de software de visualización de datos sanitarios, como el CancerLinQ have been developed, which enable physicians and interventionalists to get access to high-quality patient medical data. This is important because it helps understand previous cancer incidences, the progression of the disease and the previous treatment regimen. Doctors are referring to protected medical data of patients using screening tools and using it to recommend ensayos clínicos, suggest personalized treatment protocols and decide the scope of cancer management more effectively. Nowadays, hospitals that report high admission rates for cancer patients have also started using Tarjetas de identificación del tumor que permiten que sus datos sean accesibles de forma centralizada para su evaluación clínica.

7. Los datos clínicos también presentan respuestas viables para las recaídas del cáncer

More and more healthcare providers are turning to data analytics tools to understand the reasons why some patients show relapsing tumours while others don’t. Doctors are evaluating large numbers of case reports that help assess patient health risks in a much wider perspective than before. While medical case reports have been in use for a long time, it’s only now that their accessibility and utility have been rising. This means laboratory data are not subjected to standard identification processes but assessed after comparing with other globally reported cases. This makes data the key requirement for personalized treatment.

Cancer is evolving at higher rates than our medicines. Hence, if you’re aiming to defeat, control or prevent it, it’s imperative to channelize the efforts with better target recognition. Big data is that pivotal technology a cancer scientist should apply to improve the quality of research and establish the best results quicker.

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Consulte a un investigación del cáncer specialist o freelance científico de datos en Kolabtree. 


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