{"id":9098,"date":"2021-04-28T09:14:44","date_gmt":"2021-04-28T09:14:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/?p=9098"},"modified":"2023-02-15T11:47:56","modified_gmt":"2023-02-15T11:47:56","slug":"top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/","title":{"rendered":"Top 15 Companies Developing COVID-19 Vaccines [Worldwide]"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_45_1 counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" area-label=\"ez-toc-toggle-icon-1\"><label for=\"item-6a316f51475b8\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;direction:ltr;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-6a316f51475b8\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#Introduction\" title=\"Introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#The_COVID-19_Vaccine_Race_and_Emergency_Use_Authorization_EUA\" title=\"The COVID-19 Vaccine Race and Emergency Use Authorization (EUA)\">The COVID-19 Vaccine Race and Emergency Use Authorization (EUA)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#What_is_EUA\" title=\"What is EUA?\">What is EUA?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#Profiling_15_vaccines_in_active_development\" title=\"Profiling 15 vaccines in active development\">Profiling 15 vaccines in active development<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#EUA_Approved_vaccines_by_the_WHO\" title=\"EUA Approved vaccines by the WHO\">EUA Approved vaccines by the WHO<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#EUA_Approved_vaccines_in_the_US_and_globally\" title=\"EUA Approved vaccines in the U.S. and globally\">EUA Approved vaccines in the U.S. and globally<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#Top_15_companies_developing_COVID-19_vaccines\" title=\"Top 15 companies developing COVID-19 vaccines\">Top 15 companies developing COVID-19 vaccines<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#1_PfizerBioNTech_SE\" title=\"1. Pfizer*\/BioNTech SE*\">1. Pfizer*\/BioNTech SE*<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights\" title=\"COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights\">COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#2_Moderna_Inc\" title=\"2. Moderna, Inc.*\">2. Moderna, Inc.*<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights-2\" title=\"COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights\">COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#3_Janssen_Pharmaceuticals_Inc\" title=\"3. Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.\">3. Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights-3\" title=\"COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights\">COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#EUA_approved_vaccines_outside_of_the_US_in_use_in_1_or_more_countries\" title=\"EUA approved vaccines outside of the U.S.: in use in 1 or more countries\">EUA approved vaccines outside of the U.S.: in use in 1 or more countries<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#4_AstraZeneca\" title=\"4. AstraZeneca*\">4. AstraZeneca*<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights-4\" title=\"COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights\">COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#5_Bharat_Biotech\" title=\"5. Bharat Biotech\">5. Bharat Biotech<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights-5\" title=\"COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights\">COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#6_CanSino_Biological_Inc\" title=\"6. CanSino Biological Inc. \">6. CanSino Biological Inc. <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights-6\" title=\"COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights\">COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#7_Gamaleya_National_Center_of_Epidemiology_and_Microbiology\" title=\"7. Gamaleya National Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology \">7. Gamaleya National Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights-7\" title=\"COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights\">COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#8_Federal_Budgetary_Research_Institution_State_Research_Center_of_Virology_and_Biotechnology_AKA_The_Vector_Institute\" title=\"8. Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology AKA The Vector Institute\">8. Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology AKA The Vector Institute<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights-8\" title=\"COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights\">COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#9_Sinopharm\" title=\"9. Sinopharm\">9. Sinopharm<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights-9\" title=\"COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights\">COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#10_Sinovac_Biotech\" title=\"10. Sinovac Biotech\">10. Sinovac Biotech<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights-10\" title=\"COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights\">COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#On_the_horizon_5_promising_examples_of_vaccines_in_various_stages_of_clinical_trials\" title=\"On the horizon: 5 promising examples of vaccines in various stages of clinical trials\">On the horizon: 5 promising examples of vaccines in various stages of clinical trials<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#11_Curevac_GlaxoSmithKline_GSK\" title=\"11. Curevac &amp; GlaxoSmithKline* (GSK)\">11. Curevac &amp; GlaxoSmithKline* (GSK)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#GSK\" title=\"GSK\">GSK<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#12_Inovio_Pharmaceuticals_Inc_Inovio\" title=\"12. Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Inovio)\">12. Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Inovio)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#13_GSK_Vir_Biotechnology\" title=\"13. GSK* &amp; Vir Biotechnology\">13. GSK* &amp; Vir Biotechnology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights-11\" title=\"COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights\">COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#14_Novavax\" title=\"14. Novavax*\">14. Novavax*<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights-12\" title=\"COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights\">COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#15_Israel_Institute_for_Biological_Research_IIBR\" title=\"15. Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR)\">15. Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights-13\" title=\"COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights\">COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#Additional_Resources_for_live_up-to-date_vaccine_tracking_information\" title=\"Additional Resources for live up-to-date vaccine tracking information\">Additional Resources for live up-to-date vaccine tracking information<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#Concluding_thoughts\" title=\"Concluding thoughts\">Concluding thoughts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/#References\" title=\"References\">References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><em>Freelance scientific writer <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/find-an-expert\/erica-tramuta-drobnis\/?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Post&amp;utm_campaign=Covid-Vaccines-Global\">Erica Tramuta-Drobnis<\/a> provides a detailed overview of the global companies developing COVID-19 vaccines. Erica is VMD, MPH, CPH; CEO\/Founder ELTD One Health Consulting, LLC and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/find-an-expert\/erica-tramuta-drobnis\/?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Post&amp;utm_campaign=Covid-Vaccines-Global\">can be consulted on Kolabtree<\/a>.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>According to the World Health Organization (WHO),<sup>1<\/sup> as of April 4, 2021, cases and deaths globally continue to climb secondary to the COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The WHO recorded over four million cases in the week of April 4, 2021, with an 11% increase in the death toll.[<sup>1]<\/sup> Now more than ever, the development and distribution of vaccinations are paramount. To achieve an end or at least to establish sufficient herd immunity that society can return to what will become our new normal.<\/p>\n<p>Herd immunity, defined by WHO, is &#8220;also known as &#8216;population immunity&#8217;.&#8221; It &#8220;is the indirect protection from an infectious disease that happens when a population is immune either through vaccination or immunity developed through previous infection.&#8221; [<sup>2]<\/sup> It will be the key to returning the world&#8217;s population to some semblance of the previous &#8216;normal.&#8217;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_COVID-19_Vaccine_Race_and_Emergency_Use_Authorization_EUA\"><\/span>The COVID-19 Vaccine Race and Emergency Use Authorization (EUA)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Vaccinations against infectious diseases revolutionized public health and modern medicine. They helped take us from the dark ages to a new era of health and prosperity. [<sup>3\u20135]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>During this pandemic, the rapidity at which vaccines have been developed for use globally is unprecedented. Though no vaccine has been given full authorization by any governing body, Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) status has been authorized for several vaccines in record time.[<sup>6]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Typically, vaccines take years to develop. Often well over 15 years or more<sup>5<\/sup> from the time <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/ensuring-reproducibility-in-ai-driven-research-how-freelance-experts-can-help-in-biotech-and-healthcare\/\">research<\/a> and development (R&amp;D) begins until the time of use outside of clinical trials. However, candidate COVID-19 vaccines started clinical trials in under 6-months and were released provisionally in 10-months. [<sup>5,7,8]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>As of April 6, 2021, WHO data described <strong>86 COVID-19<\/strong> <strong>vaccines<\/strong> in various clinical development stages, with another <strong>186<\/strong> in the <strong>pre-clinical stages.<\/strong>[<sup>9]<\/sup> More vaccines enter development phases as others enter or progress through the various clinical trials. \u00a0Thus, vaccine R&amp;D has taken place globally in numerous countries with an unprecedented amount of cooperation among nations, companies, private and public entities, and government agencies.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_EUA\"><\/span>What is EUA?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Globally, this is the first time that WHO and individual nations have approved vaccinations without completing standard full-scale approval processes.<\/p>\n<p>We live in unprecedented times, and this calls for exceptional measures. Suppose we hope to make a dent in the transmission and subsequent infections and deaths caused by this virus. In that case, vaccinations need to be timely, evenly, and well distributed globally. To do so requires their use before completing phase III clinical trials or follow-up studies.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Profiling_15_vaccines_in_active_development\"><\/span>Profiling 15 vaccines in active development<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>As of April 19, 2021, per the CDC<sup>10(p19)<\/sup>, all Americans over sixteen are now eligible for COVID-19 vaccination. To ensure we have sufficient vaccines, we need to evaluate what is out there and on the horizon.<\/p>\n<p>Here we will discuss 15 of the top candidates for COVID-19 vaccines, both authorized for use and those in advanced clinical trial stages. The selected 15 in no way represent support of use or reflect any financial or political interest in the vaccines. To date, 13 vaccines are approved for use worldwide. [<sup>11]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Selection criteria were selected based on available data and resources. Collectively, consensus about the efficacy, advancement levels of the vaccines, and scientific research and backing for these vaccines predominated in research to date, leading to selection criteria alone.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"EUA_Approved_vaccines_by_the_WHO\"><\/span>EUA Approved vaccines by the WHO<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>As of April 1, 2021, Craven&#8217;s COVID-19 vaccine tracker<sup>12<\/sup> lists only 3 vaccines recognized by the WHO as authorized for approval for emergency use. These include the Pfizer\/BioNTech, the AstraZeneca (AzD1222), and COVID-19 Vaccine by Janssen. See below for further details.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"EUA_Approved_vaccines_in_the_US_and_globally\"><\/span>EUA Approved vaccines in the U.S. and globally<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Vaccines #1-3 are listed in the order in which they were approved for use.<sup>5,11\u201320<\/sup> While efficacy against widespread clinical disease varies among the three, all were highly efficacious in preventing hospitalizations and deaths. [<sup>21]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Several vaccine manufacturers described below, marked with an *, signed a COVID-19 pledge, seen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifpma.org\/resource-centre\/covid-19-vaccine-maker-pledge\/\">here<\/a>. [<sup>22]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Note IM = Intramuscular Injection, ID = Intradermal<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Top_15_companies_developing_COVID-19_vaccines\"><\/span>Top 15 companies developing COVID-19 vaccines<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_PfizerBioNTech_SE\"><\/span><strong>1. Pfizer*\/BioNTech SE*<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Pfizer\/BioNTech COVID-19 specific information can be found at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cvdvaccine.com\/\">https:\/\/www.cvdvaccine.com\/ <\/a>and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pfizer.com\/science\/coronavirus\">https:\/\/www.pfizer.com\/science\/coronavirus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pfizer.com\/\">Pfizer<\/a>, as a company, states that &#8220;their purpose is grounded in our commitment to fund programs that provide public benefit, advance medical care and improve patient outcomes. Our belief is that all people deserve to live healthy lives. This drives our desire to provide access to medicines that are safe, effective, and affordable [<sup>23]<\/sup>&#8221; .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/biontech.de\">BioNTech SE<\/a>, based in Germany, worked in collaboration with Pfizer to create one of the first COVID-19 vaccines granted EUA. They &#8220;aspire to utilize the full potential of the immune system to fight cancer and infectious diseases&#8221;. [<sup>24]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Cooperatively, these two developed the &#8216;Pfizer&#8217; Vaccine.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights\"><\/span><strong>COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Called: The vaccBNT162b2 or Comirnaty, AKA&#8217; Pfizer.&#8217;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Type of Vaccine: mRNA-based vaccine<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Reported general efficacy: 95%<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Administration: Given as 2 I.M. injections (IM\/2)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>How stored: stored frozen @ -70<sup>&#x25ab;<\/sup> C;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>EUA Granted 11 December, 2020<sup>7<\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Approved for use in 82 countries at the time of this report [<\/strong><strong><sup>11]<\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Moderna_Inc\"><\/span><strong>2. Moderna, Inc.*<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.modernatx.com\/modernas-work-potential-vaccine-against-covid-19\">Moderna<\/a> is a company that focuses primarily on the use of mRNA to develop medicines, therapies, and vaccines to help treat a wide array of diseases. Since 2010, they have been working to advance the medical field using mRNA technology in various platforms. It only made sense that their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.modernatx.com\/modernas-work-potential-vaccine-against-covid-19\">mRNA COVID-19 vaccine<\/a> be one of the first to obtain EUA. [<sup>25]<\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights-2\"><\/span><strong>COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Vaccine mRNA-1273,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>mRNA-based vaccine<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>1%<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>IM\/2<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>@ -20<sup>&#x25ab;<\/sup> C;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>EUA Granted December 18, 2020 [<sup>18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Approved for use in 45 countries and 14 ongoing trials in 3 different countries [<sup>11]<\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Janssen_Pharmaceuticals_Inc\"><\/span><strong>3. Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.janssen.com\/.\">Janssen Global Services, LLC<\/a> is a pharmaceutical company of Johnson &amp; Johnson Services, Inc. Janssen spends their attention concentrating on areas where they feel it can significantly impact. Areas such as immunology, vaccines, and infectious diseases, cancer research, and more are primary focuses. [<sup>26]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jnj.com\/\">Johnson &amp; Johnson<\/a>* totes itself as being the &#8220;world&#8217;s largest and most broadly based healthcare company.&#8221; They want to provide healthcare globally that is both affordable and reachable by all. [<sup>27<\/sup>]\n<p>Jointly they developed:<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights-3\"><\/span><strong>COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine aka JNJ-78436735 or Ad26.COV2.S<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Non-replicating viral vector<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>66%<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>IM\/1<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>2-8<sup>&#x25ab;<\/sup> C;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>EUA Granted 27 February, 2021<sup>17(p1)<\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>At the initial start of writing, this vaccine was fully approved for use. However, as of April 20, 2021, the CDC<sup>28<\/sup> has paused the use of the vaccine to investigate 6 or more cases of severe blood clots and low platelet levels. While currently under investigation in the U.S., they have decided to temporarily suspend its use. However, the European Union acknowledged the U.S.&#8217;s concerns but have not suspended use. [<sup>29]<\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"EUA_approved_vaccines_outside_of_the_US_in_use_in_1_or_more_countries\"><\/span>EUA approved vaccines outside of the U.S.: in use in 1 or more countries<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>13 vaccines are approved worldwide. Vaccines #4-10 represent key vaccines approved for use in various countries. Together, with #1-3, they help cover a substantial portion of the globe and are alphabetically ordered. [<sup>5, 9, 11, 12, 14, 20, 30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_AstraZeneca\"><\/span><strong>4. AstraZeneca*<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astrazeneca.com\/covid-19.html\">AstraZeneca<\/a> is a &#8220;global, science-led biopharmaceutical business.&#8221; [<sup>31]<\/sup> They develop innovative therapies used globally. They entered the COVID-19 vaccine race with a commitment to help to end the pandemic. [<sup>32]<\/sup>. They are working in conjunction with Oxford University and have trials currently ongoing in the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights-4\"><\/span><strong>COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>COVID-19 AstraZeneca aka ChAdOx1, nCoV-19, AzD1222, Vaxzeveria, or Covishield;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Chimp adenovirus viral vector<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>4%<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>IM\/2<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>2-8<sup>&#x25ab;<\/sup> C;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Currently in use in 65 countries with 24 ongoing trials in 15 different countries[<sup>11]<\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>approved by WHO<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Bharat_Biotech\"><\/span><strong>5. Bharat Biotech<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>BharatBiotech is a biotech company responsible for India&#8217;s first in-house developed vaccine, developed in cooperation with the Indian Council for Medical Research&#8217;s National Institute of Virology.<sup>30<\/sup> The company seeks to drive innovation with R&amp;D of new bio-therapeutics and vaccine development, as they hope to help manage or eradicate illnesses.<sup>33<\/sup> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bharatbiotech.com\/covaxin.html\">https:\/\/www.bharatbiotech.com\/covaxin.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights-5\"><\/span><strong>COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Covaxin, BBV152;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Whole-virus vero cell (inactivated vaccine);<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>81%;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>IM\/2;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>2-8<sup>o<\/sup>C;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Currently being used in 6 countries with 5 clinical trials in 1 country [<sup>11]<\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_CanSino_Biological_Inc\"><\/span><strong>6. CanSino Biological Inc. <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cansinotech.com\">CanSinoBIO<\/a>, in collaboration with the Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, developed the first novel Chinese-produced COVID-19 vaccine.<sup>34<\/sup> A Chinese biopharmaceutical company, CanSinoBIO, works to achieve advances in healthcare with R&amp;D,\u00a0 manufacturing advancements, and pioneering new vaccines for worldwide use. [<sup>35]<\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights-6\"><\/span><strong>COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Convidicea, Ad5-nC0V<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Novel Recombinant, adenovirus type 5 vector (viral vector), genetically engineered<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>IM\/1 dose<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>In use in 5 countries with 6 trials in 6 countries [<sup>11]<\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Gamaleya_National_Center_of_Epidemiology_and_Microbiology\"><\/span><strong>7. Gamaleya National Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Gamaleya National Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, touted as one of the oldest research centers in Russia, founded in 1881, has developed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gamaleya.org\/en\/research\/vaktsina-protiv-covid-19\/\">Russia&#8217;s first COVID-19 Vaccine<\/a>. The center has a special focus on infectious diseases both epidemiologically and creating various means to prevent illness or mitigate transmission and ill effects. [<sup>36]<\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights-7\"><\/span><strong>COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sputnik V, Gam-COVID-Vac, rAd26-S+rAd5-S<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Produced as a collaboration with Acellena Contract Drug Research and Development and the Health Ministry of the Russian Federation<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>A non-replicating human recombinant adenovirus vector-based vaccine. It is unique from other viral vectors because it uses not one but two viral vectors as vehicles to transfer genetic material from a different virus into the human cell.<sup>37<\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>91% efficacy<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>IM\/2 doses<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Approved for use in 60 countries with 19 trials in 6 countries [<sup>11]<\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Federal_Budgetary_Research_Institution_State_Research_Center_of_Virology_and_Biotechnology_AKA_The_Vector_Institute\"><\/span><strong>8. Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology AKA The Vector Institute<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Vector Institute represents a Russian government agency responsible for Russia&#8217;s second COVID-19 vaccine. It can be challenging to find information on this organization as the name varies depending on the reference. The center focuses on various means to address infectious diseases at all stages, from prevention to diagnosis.<sup>38<\/sup> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vector.nsc.ru\/\">http:\/\/www.vector.nsc.ru\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights-8\"><\/span><strong>COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>EpiVacCorona Vaccine<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>A peptide antigen vaccine<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Approved in 2 countries with 3 trials in 1 country [<sup>11]<\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.precisionvaccinations.com\/vaccines\/epivaccorona-vaccine\">https:\/\/www.precisionvaccinations.com\/vaccines\/epivaccorona-vaccine<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Also read: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-covid-19-vaccine-startups-worldwide\/?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Post&amp;utm_campaign=Covid-Vaccines-Global\">Top 15 COVID-19 Vaccine Startups Worldwide<\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Sinopharm\"><\/span><strong>9. Sinopharm<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>China National Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., AKA <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sinopharm.com\/1398.html.\">Sinopharm<\/a>, oversees a large healthcare conglomerate and includes 6 primary and over 1000 subsidiaries. Essentials for Sinopharm include R&amp;D, drug development, and vaccine development. Reported to be the 6th largest vaccine manufacturer globally, they are a key provider for China&#8217;s National Vaccination Program. They are guided by the core value of &#8220;all for health, health for all.&#8221;[<sup>39]<\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights-9\"><\/span><strong>COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>BBIBP-CorV<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>A Vero cell inactivated vaccine<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>3% efficacy<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>IM\/2<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>2-8<sup>o<\/sup>C<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Currently approved in 35 countries with 6 trials ongoing in 7 countries [<sup>11]<\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_Sinovac_Biotech\"><\/span><strong>10. Sinovac Biotech<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sinovac.com\/.\">Sinovac Biotech<\/a>, Ltd., a Chinese company whose mission is to &#8220;supply vaccines to eliminate human diseases.&#8221; They focus on R&amp;D through to commercialization of infectious disease vaccines, meeting needs that are unmet to date. [<sup>40]<\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights-10\"><\/span><strong>COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>CoronaVac<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Formalin-inactivated, adjuvanted with Alum (vero cell)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>7%<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>IM\/2<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>2-8<sup>o<\/sup>C<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Approved for use in 20 countries with 15 ongoing trials in 7 countries [<sup>11]<\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"On_the_horizon_5_promising_examples_of_vaccines_in_various_stages_of_clinical_trials\"><\/span>On the horizon: 5 promising examples of vaccines in various stages of clinical trials<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The final five represent different vaccine platforms to provide samples of how broad the research field is. These demonstrate how expanded technology is being investigated to ensure adequate immunity development from a wide array of mechanisms moving forward. [<sup>5,9,11,12,14\u201320]<\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_Curevac_GlaxoSmithKline_GSK\"><\/span><strong>11. Curevac &amp; GlaxoSmithKline* (GSK)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.curevac.com\/en\/about-us\/.\">CureVac<\/a>, AKA the RNA people\u00ae states that they are the &#8220;<strong>world\u2019s first company<\/strong>\u00a0to successfully harness mRNA for medical purposes.\u201d<sup>41<\/sup> Today with GSK, they are helping in the COVID-19 vaccine race. They are a German biopharmaceutical research company.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"GSK\"><\/span>GSK<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gsk.com\/en-gb\/.\">GSK<\/a> describes itself as \u201ca science-led global healthcare company with a special purpose: to help people do more, feel better, live longer.\u201d<sup>42<\/sup> They describe themselves as global leaders in R&amp;D and producers of various medications, products, and vaccines. They focus on three aspects of human health: pharmaceuticals, vaccinations, and consumer healthcare. [<sup>42]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Together <strong>GSK and Curevac are developing a COVID-19 vaccin<\/strong>e.<\/p>\n<p><strong>COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>CVnCoV<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>An mRNA, multi-valent candidate vaccine<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>IM\/2<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Currently in phase IIb\/III Trials<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_Inovio_Pharmaceuticals_Inc_Inovio\"><\/span><strong>12. Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Inovio)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inovio.com\/.\">Inovio<\/a> is a biotech company whose goal is to use DNA medicines globally to save lives. They have created several of the first DNA-based vaccines, cancer therapies, and medications to reach clinical trials and be used globally.<sup>43<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Because DNA technology is easily adapted and developed, it makes a good option for rapid vaccine development. They have partnered with various R&amp;D and vaccine manufacturing groups from the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Texas, in the U.S., to partners in China and South Korea, England, and Australia. [<sup>44]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><strong>COVID-19 Vaccine highlights<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>INO-4800<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>DNA-Plasmid vaccine<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>ID\/2 (*only one do date using I.D. administration)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Currently Phase II\/III clinical trials;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>@ Room temperature<\/strong>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Currently, it is the only nucleic-acid-based (RNA or DNA) vaccine stable at room temperature.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Further, it can be stored safely at room temperature for more than a year. This will allow for mass implementation and distribution in areas hard to reach vs. those with other vaccine storage needs. [<sup>45]<\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"13_GSK_Vir_Biotechnology\"><\/span><strong>13. GSK* &amp; Vir Biotechnology<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vir.bio\/\">Vir Biotechnology<\/a>\u00a0is working with GSK, discussed above. They focus their immunologic work on the prevention of infectious diseases by combining technologies. An American based \u201cclinical-stage immunology company,\u201d they pursue treatments for infectious diseases by identifying immune system weaknesses and developing effective strategies against them. [<sup>46]<\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights-11\"><\/span><strong>COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>VIR-7831, GSK4182136<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>A plant-based adjuvant vaccine that uses human anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody<sup>47<\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Potential to not only clear the virus from infected cells but even prevent entry into those cells<sup>48<\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>IM\/2;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>In phase III trials<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"14_Novavax\"><\/span><strong>14. Novavax*<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.novavax.com\/\"><u>Novavax<\/u><\/a>, a biotech company, specializes in improving global health through vaccine development. They focus on serious infectious diseases and new technologies. They developed a proprietary adjuvant, Matrix M, shown to be well tolerated in clinical trials and elicit an improved immune response that is used in a variety of their vaccines. [<sup>49]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Novavax\u2019s COVID-19 vaccine is produced in cooperation with the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), which provides global partnerships to help create vaccinations for the future and today. [<sup>50]<\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights-12\"><\/span><strong>COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>NVX-CoV2373<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Recombinant nanoparticle technology in insect cells and matrix M adjuvent<sup>14<\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Phase III Trials ongoing suggest 96.4% vs. original strain and 55.4% VS B.1.351 strains<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>IM\/2<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>2-8<sup>o<\/sup>C<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"15_Israel_Institute_for_Biological_Research_IIBR\"><\/span><strong>15. Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Founded in 1952, <a href=\"https:\/\/iibr.gov.il\/Pages\/home.aspx\">IIBR<\/a> performs R&amp;D in numerous fields with the ultimate goal of protecting the State of Israel from threats both biological and chemical. However, they expand their assistance globally with various contributions, including aiding in the polio vaccine development, explosive material detection kits, and vaccines and medications against multiple diseases. It is not surprising that they have entered the COVID-19 race. [<sup>51]<\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"COVID-19_Vaccine_Highlights-13\"><\/span><strong>COVID-19 Vaccine Highlights<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Brilife (IIBR-100)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Replicating viral vector (uses another virus that carries the genes of the COVID-19 virus) [<sup>52]<\/sup>; It uses the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) as the carrier [<sup>53]<\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Live-attenuated vaccine<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>IM<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>In phase II clinical trials<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Additional_Resources_for_live_up-to-date_vaccine_tracking_information\"><\/span>Additional Resources for live up-to-date vaccine tracking information<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/covid19.trackvaccines.org\/\">https:\/\/covid19.trackvaccines.org\/<\/a> &#8211; Live data<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raps.org\/news-and-articles\/news-articles\/2020\/3\/covid-19-vaccine-tracker\">https:\/\/www.raps.org\/news-and-articles\/news-articles\/2020\/3\/covid-19-vaccine-tracker<\/a> &#8211; Live Data<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gavi.org\/vaccineswork\/covid-19-vaccine-race\">https:\/\/www.gavi.org\/vaccineswork\/covid-19-vaccine-race<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/covid-vaccinations\">https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/covid-vaccinations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/\">https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/<\/a> Includes data on a variety of statistics, not just COVID-19 vaccinations<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/covid-nma.com\/vaccines\/mapping\/\">https:\/\/covid-nma.com\/vaccines\/mapping\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/covid.cdc.gov\/covid-data-tracker\/#vaccinations\">https:\/\/covid.cdc.gov\/covid-data-tracker\/#vaccinations<\/a> (U.S. vaccination tracking information)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/covid19.trackvaccines.org\/trials-vaccine-testing\/#trial-phases\">https:\/\/covid19.trackvaccines.org\/trials-vaccine-testing\/#trial-phases<\/a> \u2013 For information on the phases of clinical trials<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Concluding_thoughts\"><\/span>Concluding thoughts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>To ensure the global population reaches herd immunity, much still needs to be researched and addressed moving forward with R&amp;D efforts related to vaccinations and the virus\u2019s control. All factors taken separately and together will affect public health\u2019s ability to combat the disease.<\/p>\n<p>The vaccine race cannot be about who makes the most money or which country can purchase the largest number of vaccines. It cannot be which vaccine gets EUA approval first. Ultimately, what type of vaccine or groups of vaccines collectively will provide the best duration will need to be considered. If we hope to return to a better new normal, we must protect the globe\u2019s population. We can do this by working together and using vaccines that are the safest, most effective, permit population access and ultimately lead to herd immunity. [<sup>5,54]<\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"References\"><\/span>References<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>World Health Organization (WHO). Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 &#8211; 6 April 2021. World Health Organization. Published April 6, 2021. Accessed April 10, 2021. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19&#8212;6-april-2021<\/li>\n<li>World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Herd immunity, lockdowns and COVID-19. World Health Organization. Published December 31, 2020. Accessed April 11, 2021. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/q-a-detail\/herd-immunity-lockdowns-and-covid-19<\/li>\n<li>Andre FE, Booy R, Block H.L., et al. Vaccination greatly reduces disease, disability, death and inequity worldwide. <em>Bull World Health Organ<\/em>. 2008;86(2):140-146. doi:10.2471\/BLT.07.040089<\/li>\n<li>Greenwood B. The contribution of vaccination to global health: past, present and future. <em>Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci<\/em>. 2014;369(1645). doi:10.1098\/rstb.2013.0433<\/li>\n<li>Li Y, Tenchov R, Smoot J, Liu C, Watkins S, Zhou Q. A Comprehensive Review of the Global Efforts on COVID-19 Vaccine Development. <em>ACS Cent Sci<\/em>. Published online March 29, 2021:acscentsci.1c00120. doi:10.1021\/acscentsci.1c00120<\/li>\n<li>Lurie N, Saville M, Hatchett R, Halton J. Developing Covid-19 Vaccines at Pandemic Speed. <em>N Engl J Med<\/em>. 2020;382(21):1969-1973. doi:10.1056\/NEJMp2005630<\/li>\n<li>U.S. Food &amp; Drug Administration (FDA). Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers Administering Vaccine (Vaccination Providers) Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of the Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 Vaccine to Prevent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). Published online January 28, 2021. Accessed April 10, 2021. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/emergency-preparedness-and-response\/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19\/pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine#additional<\/li>\n<li>U.S. Food &amp; Drug Administration (FDA). Moderna Covid-19 Vaccine: Emergency Use Authorization for Vaccines to Prevent COVID-19. Published online February 22, 2021. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/emergency-preparedness-and-response\/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19\/moderna-covid-19-vaccine#:~:text=On%20December%2018%2C%202020%2C%20the,SARS%2DCoV%2D2).<\/li>\n<li>World Health Organization (WHO). Draft landscape and tracker of COVID-19 candidate vaccines. WHO R&amp;D Blueprint. Published April 6, 2021. Accessed April 8, 2021. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/draft-landscape-of-covid-19-candidate-vaccines<\/li>\n<li>Centers for Disease Control &amp; Prevention (CDC). COVID-19 Vaccines for People at Increased Risk for Severe Illness from COVID-19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published April 19, 2021. Accessed April 22, 2021. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/vaccines\/recommendations\/specific-groups\/high-risk.html<\/li>\n<li>McGill University Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity (MI4). Vaccines \u2013 COVID19 Vaccine Tracker. Covid-19 Vaccine Tracker. Published April 11, 2021. Accessed April 11, 2021. https:\/\/covid19.trackvaccines.org\/vaccines\/<\/li>\n<li>Craven J. COVID-19 vaccine tracker. Regulatory Focus. Published April 8, 2021. Accessed April 10, 2021. https:\/\/www.raps.org\/news-and-articles\/news-articles\/2020\/3\/covid-19-vaccine-tracker<\/li>\n<li>Gavi, The Vaccine Alliance. The COVID-19 vaccine race &#8211; weekly update. Gavi The Vaccine Alliance. Published April 7, 2021. Accessed April 10, 2021. https:\/\/www.gavi.org\/vaccineswork\/covid-19-vaccine-race<\/li>\n<li>Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Vaccines in Development. Published March 10, 2021. Accessed April 7, 2021. https:\/\/www.idsociety.org\/covid-19-real-time-learning-network\/vaccines\/vaccines\/<\/li>\n<li>U.S. Food &amp; Drug Administration (FDA). Learn More About COVID-19 Vaccines From the FDA. U.S. Food &amp; Drug Administration. Published March 24, 2021. Accessed March 31, 2021. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/learn-more-about-covid-19-vaccines-fda<\/li>\n<li>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Information about the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published March 4, 2021. Accessed April 5, 2021. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/vaccines\/different-vaccines\/Pfizer-BioNTech.html<\/li>\n<li>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Information about the J&amp;J\/Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published March 31, 2021. Accessed April 5, 2021. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/vaccines\/different-vaccines\/janssen.html<\/li>\n<li>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Information about the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published April 5, 2021. Accessed April 5, 2021. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/vaccines\/different-vaccines\/Moderna.html<\/li>\n<li>Shrotri M, Swinnen T, Kampmann B, Parker EPK. An interactive website tracking COVID-19 vaccine development. <em>Lancet Glob Health<\/em>. Published online March 2021. doi:10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00043-7<\/li>\n<li>World Health Organization (WHO). Status of COVID-19 Vaccines within WHO EUL\/PQ evaluation process. Published online April 1, 2021. Accessed April 6, 2021. https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/regulation-prequalification\/eul\/covid-19<\/li>\n<li>American Academy of Family Physicians. COVID-19 Vaccine. Recent Outbreaks\/COVID-19. Published March 15, 2021. Accessed April 6, 2021. https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/family-physician\/patient-care\/current-hot-topics\/recent-outbreaks\/covid-19\/covid-19-vaccine.html<\/li>\n<li>International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers &amp; Associations (IFPMA). COVID-19 Vaccine Maker Pledge. IFPMA. Published September 8, 2020. Accessed April 22, 2021. https:\/\/www.ifpma.org\/resource-centre\/covid-19-vaccine-maker-pledge\/<\/li>\n<li>Pfizer. Pfizer\u2019s Core Values of Social Responsibility and Philanthropy |. Pfizer.com. Published 2021 2002. Accessed April 22, 2021. https:\/\/www.pfizer.com\/purpose<\/li>\n<li>BioNTech SE. Our vision. BioNTech. Published 2021. Accessed April 22, 2021. https:\/\/www.biontech.de\/our-dna\/vision<\/li>\n<li>Moderna, Inc. About Us: Leaders in mRNA Technology &amp; Science. Moderna. Accessed April 22, 2021. https:\/\/www.modernatx.com\/about-us<\/li>\n<li>Janssen Global Services, LLC. About Us. Janssen. Published April 20, 2021. Accessed April 22, 2021. https:\/\/www.janssen.com\/about<\/li>\n<li>Johnson &amp; Johnson. About Johnson &amp; Johnson. Johnson &amp; Johnson. Published 2021 1997. Accessed April 22, 2021. https:\/\/www.jnj.com\/about-jnj<\/li>\n<li>Centers for Disease Control &amp; Prevention (CDC). Recommendation to Pause Use of Johnson &amp; Johnson\u2019s Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published April 20, 2021. Accessed April 22, 2021. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/vaccines\/safety\/JJUpdate.html?ACSTrackingID=USCDC_2067-DM55262&amp;ACSTrackingLabel=What%20to%20Do%20If%20You%20Received%20the%20J%26J%2FJanssen%20COVID-19%20Vaccine%20%7C%20COVID-19&amp;deliveryName=USCDC_2067-DM55262<\/li>\n<li>Associated Press. E.U. regulator finds \u2018possible link\u2019 between Johnson &amp; Johnson COVID-19 vaccine, blood clots. KTLA. Published April 20, 2021. Accessed April 22, 2021. https:\/\/ktla.com\/news\/nationworld\/european-union-regulator-finds-link-between-johnson-johnson-covid-19-vaccine-shot-and-blood-clots\/<\/li>\n<li>Bharat Biotech. COVAXIN. Bharat Biotech\u2019s Covaxin. Published 2021. Accessed April 22, 2021. https:\/\/www.bharatbiotech.com\/covaxin.html<\/li>\n<li>AstraZeneca. Our Company &#8211; AstraZeneca. AstraZeneca Global Site. Published 2021. Accessed April 22, 2021. https:\/\/www.astrazeneca.com\/our-company.html<\/li>\n<li>AstraZeneca. COVID-19 Information Hub. AstraZeneca\u2019s COVID-19 Information Hub. Published 2021. Accessed April 22, 2021. https:\/\/www.astrazeneca.com\/covid-19.html<\/li>\n<li>Bharat Biotech. Vision &amp; Mission &#8211; Bharat Biotech &#8211; A Leading Biotech Company. Bharat Biotech. Published 2019. Accessed April 22, 2021. https:\/\/www.bharatbiotech.com\/vision.html<\/li>\n<li>CanSino Biologics. Convidicea Vaccine. Precision Vaccinations. Published April 22, 2021. Accessed April 22, 2021. https:\/\/www.precisionvaccinations.com\/vaccines\/convidicea-vaccine<\/li>\n<li>CanSinoBIO. \u5eb7\u5e0c\u8bfa\u751f\u7269 CanSinoBIO. CanSinoBIO Overview. Published February 2020. Accessed April 22, 2021. http:\/\/www.cansinotech.com\/html\/1\/\/173\/174\/index.html<\/li>\n<li>The Gamaleya National Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology. General Information. The Gamaleya National Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology. Published 2021. Accessed April 22, 2021. https:\/\/www.gamaleya.org\/en\/about\/obshchaya-informatsiya\/<\/li>\n<li>The Gamaleya National Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology. Vaccine against COVID-19. The Gamaleya National Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology. Published 2021. Accessed April 12, 2021. https:\/\/www.gamaleya.org\/en\/research\/vaktsina-protiv-covid-19\/<\/li>\n<li>Vector. FBSI SSC VB \u201cVector\u201d Rospotrebnadzor. Vector. Published 2021 2003. Accessed April 22, 2021. http:\/\/www.vector.nsc.ru\/<\/li>\n<li>China National Pharmaceutical Group Corporation. Sinopharm. Sinopharm. Published 2015. Accessed April 22, 2021. http:\/\/www.sinopharm.com\/1398.html<\/li>\n<li>Sinovac Biotech Ltd. SINOVAC. Sinovac. Published 2019 2001. Accessed April 22, 2021. http:\/\/www.sinovac.com\/<\/li>\n<li>CureVac. CureVac, About U.S. CureVac The RNA People. Published 2021. Accessed April 22, 2021. https:\/\/www.curevac.com\/en\/about-us\/<\/li>\n<li>GlaxoSmithKline plc. GSK: About us. GSK. Published 2021 2001. Accessed April 22, 2021. https:\/\/www.gsk.com\/en-gb\/about-us\/<\/li>\n<li>INOVIO Pharmaceuticals. Inovio Firsts. INOVIO Powering DNA Medicines. Published February 20, 2020. Accessed April 22, 2021. https:\/\/www.inovio.com\/about-inovio\/inovio-firsts\/<\/li>\n<li>INOVIO Pharmaceuticals. Covid-19. INOVIO Powering DNA Medicines. Published April 8, 2020. Accessed April 22, 2021. https:\/\/www.inovio.com\/our-focus-serving-patients\/covid-19\/<\/li>\n<li>Precision Vaccinations. INO-4800 COVID-19 Vaccine. Precision Vaccinations. Published April 21, 2021. Accessed April 22, 2021. https:\/\/www.precisionvaccinations.com\/vaccines\/ino-4800-covid-19-vaccine<\/li>\n<li>Vir Biotechnology, Inc. Taking the science in a bold new direction. Vir Biotechnology | A World Without Infectious Disease. Accessed April 22, 2021. https:\/\/www.vir.bio\/<\/li>\n<li>Precision Vaccinations. VIR-7831 Antibody. Precision Vaccinations. Published April 8, 2021. Accessed April 11, 2021. https:\/\/www.precisionvaccinations.com\/vaccines\/vir-7831-antibody<\/li>\n<li>Vir Biotechnology, Inc. Vir Biotechnology and GSK Announce VIR-7831 Reduces Hospitalization and Risk of Death in Early Treatment of Adults with COVID-19. Intrado GlobeNewsWire. Published March 11, 2021. Accessed April 22, 2021. https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2021\/03\/11\/2190921\/0\/en\/Vir-Biotechnology-and-GSK-Announce-VIR-7831-Reduces-Hospitalization-and-Risk-of-Death-in-Early-Treatment-of-Adults-with-COVID-19.html<\/li>\n<li>Novovax. Learn about Novavax. Novavax. Published 2021. Accessed April 23, 2021. https:\/\/www.novavax.com\/about-us<\/li>\n<li>Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI). CEPI | New Vaccines For A Safer World. CEPI. Published 2021. Accessed April 23, 2021. https:\/\/cepi.net\/<\/li>\n<li>The Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences (IIBR). Who We are. IIBR: Who We Are. Accessed April 23, 2021. https:\/\/iibr.gov.il\/Pages\/Who-We-are.aspx<\/li>\n<li>McGill Vaccine Tracker Team J. About Vaccines \u2013 COVID19 Vaccine Tracker. Covid-19 Vaccine Tracker. Published 2021. Accessed April 23, 2021. https:\/\/covid19.trackvaccines.org\/how-do-vaccines-work\/#types<\/li>\n<li>Precision Vaccinations. BriLife Coronavirus Vaccine. Precision Vaccinations. Published April 14, 2021. Accessed April 23, 2021. https:\/\/www.precisionvaccinations.com\/vaccines\/brilife-coronavirus-vaccine<\/li>\n<li>Bloom DE, Cadarette D, Ferranna M, Hyer RN, Tortorice DL. ANALYSIS: How New Models Of Vaccine Development For COVID-19 Have Helped Address An Epic Public Health Crisis. <em>Health Aff (Millwood)<\/em>. 2021;40(3):410-418. doi:10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.02012<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Freelance scientific writer Erica Tramuta-Drobnis provides a detailed overview of the global companies developing COVID-19 vaccines. Erica is VMD, MPH, CPH; CEO\/Founder ELTD One Health Consulting, LLC and can be consulted on Kolabtree.\u00a0 Introduction According to the World Health Organization (WHO),1 as of April 4, 2021, cases and deaths globally continue to climb secondary to<\/p>\n<div class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/top-15-companies-developing-covid-19-vaccines\/\" title=\"Read More\">Read More<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":9102,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[442,558,443],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.1 (Yoast SEO v20.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Top 15 Companies Developing COVID-19 Vaccines [Worldwide]<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"From Pfizer and Moderna to Bharat Biotech and Sinopharm, a detailed look at the top 15 companies developing 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