{"id":2581,"date":"2017-11-22T09:03:01","date_gmt":"2017-11-22T09:03:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.kolabtree.com\/?p=2581"},"modified":"2021-09-27T08:58:38","modified_gmt":"2021-09-27T08:58:38","slug":"tip-enhanced-raman-spectroscopy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/fr\/tip-enhanced-raman-spectroscopy\/","title":{"rendered":"Spectroscopie Raman am\u00e9lior\u00e9e par la pointe : Transformer les sciences analytiques"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Voir, c'est croire\" est une phrase souvent utilis\u00e9e dans les couloirs scientifiques. La microscopie est donc une branche magnifique qui donne aux chercheurs le pouvoir de visualiser les choses d'une mani\u00e8re que l'on croyait auparavant impossible. Malgr\u00e9 les sophismes li\u00e9s \u00e0 l'interpr\u00e9tation de nombreuses images obtenues par microscopie, les scientifiques comme le grand public sont toujours s\u00e9duits par les preuves visuelles qui d\u00e9taillent les subtilit\u00e9s d'une cellule, d'une mol\u00e9cule ou d'une nanoparticule. L'av\u00e8nement des techniques de microscopie \u00e9lectronique, comme la microscopie \u00e0 effet tunnel, a permis aux chercheurs de se plonger dans le monde des atomes. En d'autres termes, ces techniques ont permis d'observer des mol\u00e9cules avec une r\u00e9solution atomique.<\/p>\n

Le charme d'une image d\u00e9taillant les composants d'un syst\u00e8me compliqu\u00e9, par exemple une mol\u00e9cule d'ADN, est durable, mais le revers de la m\u00e9daille est que la caract\u00e9risation spectroscopique de l'\u00e9chantillon est essentielle pour comprendre les \u00e9v\u00e9nements qui se produisent \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle microscopique ou nanoscopique. La spectroscopie et la microscopie doivent donc aller de pair, et d\u00e8s 1985, des scientifiques ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de combiner les techniques de sonde \u00e0 balayage avec des m\u00e9thodes comme la spectroscopie Raman ou infrarouge pour obtenir des informations simultan\u00e9es sur la topographie et la nature chimique. Spectroscopie Raman am\u00e9lior\u00e9e par la pointe<\/strong>Le TERS, plus commun\u00e9ment appel\u00e9 TERS, est une m\u00e9thode qui combine la microscopie \u00e0 force atomique (STM) et la spectroscopie Raman. Cette combinaison unique donne au scientifique analytique la possibilit\u00e9 d'observer la surface dans ses moindres d\u00e9tails optiques, topographiques et chimiques. Auparavant, on pensait qu'il \u00e9tait impossible de visualiser un objet dont les dimensions \u00e9taient inf\u00e9rieures \u00e0 la moiti\u00e9 de la longueur d'onde de la lumi\u00e8re. Cette limite est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement connue sous le nom de limite d'Abbe. La TERS brise toutefois cette limite en rendant possible la r\u00e9solution au niveau mol\u00e9culaire, avec l'avantage suppl\u00e9mentaire de l'information chimique. Le m\u00e9canisme est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 dans le sch\u00e9ma ci-dessous.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nSch\u00e9ma d'un montage TERS utilis\u00e9 pour l'analyse des acides nucl\u00e9iques. Reproduit de la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence <\/em>(lien)<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Dans la technologie TERS, un champ nanom\u00e9trique localement renforc\u00e9 \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 imm\u00e9diate du sommet de la pointe m\u00e9tallis\u00e9e est g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 sous l'illumination de la lumi\u00e8re laser incidente comme source d'excitation locale \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle nanom\u00e9trique. Il peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour exciter localement le signal optique de l'\u00e9chantillon et produire une diffusion Raman \u00e0 partir du nanovolume situ\u00e9 \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 imm\u00e9diate du sommet de la pointe. L'apex de la pointe est le dispositif cl\u00e9 du TERS en tant que diffuseur local, qui renforce et diffuse le champ \u00e9vanescent localis\u00e9 vers le champ lointain pour \u00eatre collect\u00e9 et d\u00e9tect\u00e9. Il assure une am\u00e9lioration et une r\u00e9solution \u00e9lev\u00e9es au-del\u00e0 de la limite de diffraction. Par essence, la TERS est capable d'enregistrer des images de r\u00e9solution submol\u00e9culaire qui contiennent la signature spectrale de chaque point sond\u00e9 par la pointe.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prof. Volker Deckert<\/a> et ses coll\u00e8gues (de l'universit\u00e9 Friedrich Schiller de Jena, en Allemagne) ont utilis\u00e9 la TERS pour s\u00e9quencer une mol\u00e9cule d'ARN. L'application du TERS aux acides nucl\u00e9iques a \u00e9t\u00e9 une r\u00e9v\u00e9lation car elle permet la r\u00e9solution de nucl\u00e9obases individuelles tr\u00e8s proches les unes des autres (voir sch\u00e9ma). Un autre groupe de l'ETH Zurich, dirig\u00e9 par Prof. Renato Zenobi<\/a> a caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re approfondie les spectres Raman de l'ADN. Ces \u00e9tudes peuvent maintenant potentiellement permettre de comprendre les interactions de l'ADN avec des mol\u00e9cules comme les prot\u00e9ines, les m\u00e9dicaments anticanc\u00e9reux, etc. Dans un autre rapport<\/a>Une \u00e9tude du TERS de l'amylo\u00efde \u03b2 (un d\u00e9riv\u00e9 prot\u00e9olytique s\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e9 de la prot\u00e9ine pr\u00e9curseur de l'amylo\u00efde qui est un facteur critique dans la \"d\u00e9faillance synaptique\" pr\u00e9coce observ\u00e9e dans la pathogen\u00e8se de la maladie d'Alzheimer) a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e, montrant ainsi l'immense applicabilit\u00e9 du TERS \u00e0 des domaines inexplor\u00e9s de la biologie.<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 les d\u00e9fis \u00e0 relever pour faire du TERS une technique analytique de routine, son avenir pour les \u00e9tudes biologiques semble plus prometteur que jamais. Pour conclure, la ligne proverbiale \"Une image vaut mille mots\"<\/em>semble appropri\u00e9 pour une image TERS, avec la l\u00e9g\u00e8re modification que \"Une image TERS vaut 1000 spectres charg\u00e9s d'informations chimiques inestimables\".<\/em>.<\/p>\n

————————-
\nConsultez Sugosh Prabhu<\/a> pour un projet ou parler avec d'autres experts en spectroscopie Kolabtree ici<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cSeeing is believing\u201d is often a commonly used phrase in the scientific corridors. Microscopy therefore, is a magnificent branch that actually equips researchers with the power to visualize things in a manner that was previously thought to be impossible. Despite the sophistry involved with the interpretation of many of the images obtained through microscopy, scientists<\/p>\n

Lire la suite<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":2694,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[442],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTip Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy - Transforming Analytical Sciences<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/fr\/tip-enhanced-raman-spectroscopy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tip Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: Transforming Analytical Sciences\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201cSeeing is believing\u201d is often a commonly used phrase in the scientific corridors. 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