{"id":1783,"date":"2017-03-07T10:33:38","date_gmt":"2017-03-07T10:33:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/?p=1783"},"modified":"2017-04-25T15:23:19","modified_gmt":"2017-04-25T15:23:19","slug":"misinformation-science-journalism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kolabtree.com\/blog\/fr\/misinformation-science-journalism\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment pr\u00e9venir la d\u00e9sinformation dans le journalisme scientifique ?"},"content":{"rendered":"
A r\u00e9cent article de Vox<\/a> reports that half of the studies you read about in the newspaper are wrong. The primary reason, according to this study (which could be wrong as well!), is because science journalists chase that one clear, unambiguous headline which reports a specific conclusion. Unfortunately these headlines are often based on a single study, which lowers the credibility of the recherche<\/a> and paints an incomplete picture.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
Rapports PLOS<\/a> que :\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\"Les journalistes couvrent de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence les conclusions initiales bien qu'elles soient souvent contredites par les m\u00e9ta-analyses et informent rarement le public lorsqu'elles sont disconfirm\u00e9es.\"\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
En outre, les chercheurs essaient g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de reproduire les r\u00e9sultats publi\u00e9s, et non de les contredire ou de les d\u00e9mystifier. Cela conduit \u00e0 se fier \u00e0 des donn\u00e9es douteuses \u00e9ventuellement publi\u00e9es \u00e0 partir d'une seule \u00e9tude et \u00e0 reproduire des erreurs et des conclusions erron\u00e9es. Lorsqu'elles sont publi\u00e9es par des sources fiables, ces informations induisent en erreur non seulement le public mais aussi le monde universitaire. Je cite\u00a0Chelsea Lu<\/a>\"...ce n'est pas parce que c'est publi\u00e9 que c'est juste.\"<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
Les journalistes sont \u00e9galement susceptibles d'avoir leurs propres agendas, selon ce rapport du Guardian<\/a>. Parfois, l'intention de l'auteur n'est pas seulement la communication scientifique mais aussi le plaidoyer et le militantisme. Il est difficile d'entendre une voix impartiale et purement informative parmi tant de voix, toutes en qu\u00eate d'attention et de lecteurs. Facebook et Twitter jouent \u00e9galement un r\u00f4le dans la diffusion d'informations erron\u00e9es aupr\u00e8s de groupes de personnes sp\u00e9cifiques, ce qui entra\u00eene la cr\u00e9ation de \"chambres d'\u00e9cho\", o\u00f9 des personnes partageant les m\u00eames id\u00e9es lisent, assimilent et partagent entre elles les m\u00eames informations, renfor\u00e7ant ainsi la d\u00e9sinformation.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Une solution pour d\u00e9courager et peut-\u00eatre r\u00e9duire la d\u00e9formation de la recherche dans les m\u00e9dias consiste \u00e0 demander aux journalistes de faire v\u00e9rifier leurs articles par un expert ind\u00e9pendant en la mati\u00e8re. Consulter un scientifique<\/a>Le sp\u00e9cialiste, qui est susceptible d'\u00eatre au courant des derni\u00e8res d\u00e9couvertes, peut aider le journaliste \u00e0 obtenir un retour constructif et une image pr\u00e9cise des conclusions de l'\u00e9tude en question. Le sp\u00e9cialiste concern\u00e9 peut \u00e9galement orienter le journaliste vers les bonnes ressources susceptibles de fournir des informations compl\u00e9mentaires ou des contre-arguments \u00e0 une \u00e9tude particuli\u00e8re. Ainsi, non seulement le journaliste \u00e9conomise du temps et de l'\u00e9nergie, mais il s'adresse \u00e9galement \u00e0 une source fiable, qui peut fournir des informations pr\u00e9cieuses pour le rapport scientifique.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
D\u00e9but 2015, des gros titres pr\u00e9sentant la consommation de chocolat comme un moyen de perdre du poids ont fait le tour du monde. Le scientifique qui a publi\u00e9 cette recherche a effectivement men\u00e9 l'\u00e9tude, mais dans l'intention de montrer \u00e0 quel point il est facile pour les journalistes scientifiques de diffuser des informations non v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es. L'\u00e9tude elle-m\u00eame pr\u00e9sentait un grand nombre de probl\u00e8mes qui auraient conduit \u00e0 des r\u00e9sultats inexacts.\u00a0NPR \u00e9crit<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\"Enfin, aucun des journalistes qui ont couvert l'affaire n'a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 un expert ext\u00e9rieur de donner son avis sur la recherche, ce qui est la proc\u00e9dure habituelle du bon journalisme scientifique. S'ils l'avaient fait, un scientifique avis\u00e9 aurait imm\u00e9diatement rep\u00e9r\u00e9 les probl\u00e8mes de conception de l'\u00e9tude.\"<\/span><\/div>\n
\n

Le journalisme scientifique implique des recherches approfondies, un contr\u00f4le rigoureux des faits et une v\u00e9rification aupr\u00e8s de sources multiples. Dans ce article \u00e9quilibr\u00e9<\/a> sur les bienfaits du collage pour la sant\u00e9, par exemple, CNBC pr\u00e9sente les avantages revendiqu\u00e9s et renvoie \u00e0 des sources qui confirment ou contestent chaque affirmation.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"pexels-photo-267447\"<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Les journalistes exercent un pouvoir immense \u00e0 l'\u00e8re du num\u00e9rique, o\u00f9 l'information se propage en quelques secondes. Mais comme nous le savons tous, un grand pouvoir s'accompagne de grandes responsabilit\u00e9s. Un journalisme scientifique responsable et bien document\u00e9 emp\u00eache le public d'\u00eatre mal inform\u00e9 et les chercheurs de s'appuyer sur des \u00e9tudes erron\u00e9es. Il permet de contr\u00f4ler la qualit\u00e9 des informations qui circulent du scientifique au lecteur et de s\u00e9parer les faits de la fiction, afin que nous ayons tous un monde mieux inform\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un article r\u00e9cent de Vox rapporte que la moiti\u00e9 des \u00e9tudes dont on entend parler dans les journaux sont fausses. La raison principale, selon cette \u00e9tude (qui pourrait \u00e9galement \u00eatre fausse !), est que les journalistes scientifiques courent apr\u00e8s un titre clair et sans ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 qui rapporte une conclusion sp\u00e9cifique. Malheureusement, ces titres sont souvent bas\u00e9s sur une seule<\/p>\n

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